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Lower House passes laws on electricity, civil aviation, women’s affairs, virtual assets

By - Apr 14,2025 - Last updated at Apr 14,2025

The Lower House on Monday passes the 2025 electricity draft law, introducing stricter penalties aimed at curbing violations and unauthorised use of the national electricity system (JT file)

AMMAN — The Lower House on Monday passed the 2025 electricity draft law, introducing stricter penalties aimed at curbing violations and unauthorised use of the national electricity system.

Under the new legislation, individuals found guilty of illegal electricity connections or aiding in theft of power will face prison terms ranging from one to three years, in addition to fines between JD5,000 and JD10,000,  Al Mamlaka TV reported.

The law also stipulates fines of JD500 to JD1,000 for encroachments on designated electrical easement zones, with increased penalties for repeat offenders. Property owners will be held accountable for such violations unless they can provide evidence implicating a third party.

A new provision criminalises the unauthorised storage of energy beyond limits set by the Energy and Minerals Regulatory Commission (EMRC), with violators facing one to three years in prison or fines between JD100,000 and JD200,000.

Additionally, tampering with or removing seals from electricity meters or switches installed by licensed distributors, when done with intent to steal electricity, will carry penalties of one to two years' imprisonment and fines ranging from JD2,000 to JD7,000.

The law aims to protect the integrity of the national grid and reduce electricity theft, which continues to pose a significant challenge to Jordan’s energy sector.

The Lower House on Monday also approved the 2024 draft public statistics law and the 2025 amendments to the Civil Aviation Law, endorsing changes introduced by the Senate earlier this month.

One of the key amendments to the Public Statistics Law grants non-governmental organisations the right to conduct and publish statistical studies for their own purposes, or on behalf of others, provided they obtain prior written approval from the Department of Statistics. The Lower House ratified this provision as part of the revised bill.

During their deliberations, lawmakers also recommended that the government adopt clear definitions of statistical concepts to better delineate the roles of key institutions involved in data governance, including the Department of Statistics, the National Information Centre, and the Ministry of Digital Economy and Entrepreneurship.

The Public Statistics Law forms a key component of Jordan’s broader economic modernisation agenda. It seeks to enhance data collection through administrative records and modern technologies while establishing a national data centre to support evidence-based decision-making with secure, high-quality and accessible information.

MPs approved the amended Civil Aviation Law, which grants the Civil Aviation Regulatory Commission (CARC) sole authority to approve or reject land-use plans in and around airports, a power the Lower House had initially proposed be subject to Cabinet oversight.

The House also accepted a Senate-endorsed article stipulating that all CARC-issued documents, including licences, certificates, permits, and reports, whether in electronic or paper format, are to be recognised as official.

The revised law also aims to bolster institutional governance, clarify regulatory mandates, improve aviation safety protocols, and facilitate international aircraft leasing arrangements. It also ensures that investigations into aviation incidents are conducted independently.

The Lower House also approved the 2024 draft law on the National Committee for Women’s Affairs, formalising the body’s mandate through a 13-article legal framework that ensures its sustainability, independence, and coordination with both government entities and civil society organisations.

Established in 1992, the committee plays a key role in advancing the political, economic, and social empowerment of women across the Kingdom.

During the session, Speaker Ahmad Safadi and Minister of State Ahmad Owaidi Abbadi commended the Legal Committee for its efforts in refining the draft. He also emphasised the importance of clarifying that senior appointments to the committee are made through a Royal Decree.

The Chamber also referred the 2025 draft law on the regulation of virtual assets to the Parliamentary Committee for the Digital Economy.

The proposed legislation seeks to regulate virtual asset activities, define licensing standards, and align with international norms on anti-money laundering and counter-terrorism financing. It also outlines the supervisory role of the Jordan Securities Commission over service providers, with the aim of maintaining financial stability while fostering technological innovation.

Water Ministry, FAO discuss regional water scarcity initiative

By - Apr 14,2025 - Last updated at Apr 14,2025

Regional Initiative on Water Scarcity for the Near East and North Africa (NENA) aims to support strategic planning and improve water resource management (Photo courtesy of FAO)

AMMAN — Minister of Water Raed Abu Soud and Representative of the Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations (FAO) Nabil Assaf on Sunday discussed the Regional Initiative on Water Scarcity for the Near East and North Africa (NENA).

The initiative aims to support strategic planning and improve water resource management, promote the use of non-conventional water sources, ensure water sustainability, enhance governance in agricultural water use, strengthen the resilience of food systems and water services to climate change, and foster knowledge-sharing through regional cooperation.

Abu Soud stressed the initiative’s “importance” in addressing Jordan’s water challenges and those facing the broader region, reviewing national efforts to safeguard water sustainability through strategic planning and the search for innovative solutions, the Jordan News Agency, Petra, reported.

The minister noted that the initiative offers a “valuable” platform to improve water resource management and planning, promote sustainable water use in agriculture, develop technical capacities, raise awareness, and facilitate the exchange of knowledge and the best practices.

He added that the ministry, in collaboration with key stakeholders, aims to implement integrated water resource management, strengthen water governance, and improve the flexibility and security of water services. 

Abu Soud pointed out that the initiative also seeks to introduce modern irrigation and agricultural technologies to advance food security and counter climate change, while reinforcing regional cooperation for sustainable water resource management.

Assaf highlighted the critical role of partnerships in confronting regional water scarcity, especially in light of challenges such as climate change, irregular rainfall, and declining water quality, all of which affect food availability across the region.

The NENA Region, already naturally exposed to chronic shortage of water, will be exposed in the coming decades to a “severe” intensification of water scarcity due to several drivers, including demographic growth, tendency to increase food self-sufficiency to reduce vulnerability to import and price volatility, urbanisation expansion, energy demand and overall socio-economic development, according to www.fao.org. 

Per capita fresh water availability, which has already decreased by 66 per cent over the last forty years, will probably decrease by another 50 per cent by 2050. 

Also, there is an “alarming” trend observed over last decades showing that the NENA Region is experiencing more frequent, intense and long droughts as a consequence of climate change, the website said.

Agriculture, which consumes already more than 85 per cent of available fresh water resources, will face “strong” challenges in keeping the same water allocation while sustaining food security and rural economy, according to FAO.

Countries in the region need to plan strategically their water resources allocation, review their water, food security and energy strategies to ensure that they are aligned with the imperative of making the best use of each single drop of water, the website added.

 

Tourism minister, Maltese official discuss cooperation

By - Apr 14,2025 - Last updated at Apr 14,2025

Minister of Tourism and Antiquities Lina Annab and Director of the Middle East and North Africa Department and Gulf Region at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, European and Maltese Trade David Mainesfield on Monday discuss cooperation (Petra photo)

AMMAN — Minister of Tourism and Antiquities Lina Annab and Director of the Middle East and North Africa Department and Gulf Region at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, European and Maltese Trade David Mainesfield on Monday discussed cooperation.

The Ministry highlighted that the meeting focused on enhancing cooperation in tourism and antiquities, according to the Jordan News Agency, Petra. 

Discussions also centered on activating joint programmes and projects that would serve the mutual interests of the two countries.

The meeting also addressed potential collaboration in antiquities, heritage and education.

It also aimed to foster the exchange of expertise in preservation and restoration as well as to expand opportunities for academic exchange and vocational training in tourism and cultural heritage.

Maltese non-resident ambassador to Jordan George Saeed Zamit attended the meeting.

Feed price increase prompts concern over production costs, market stability - stakeholders

By - Apr 14,2025 - Last updated at Apr 14,2025

The Ministry of Industry and Trade’s recent decision to raise feed prices for certain types of livestock sparks concern among agricultural experts and sector representatives, who warn the move will increase production costs for cattle and poultry farmers (JT file)

AMMAN — The Ministry of Industry and Trade’s recent decision to raise feed prices for certain types of livestock has sparked concern among agricultural experts and sector representatives, who warn the move will increase production costs for cattle and poultry farmers.

Although sheep were excluded from the price hike, stakeholders say the adjustment is still expected to place additional pressure on livestock breeders and eventually impact consumer prices.

Industry stakeholders also noted that the timing of the decision could exacerbate the sector’s already fragile condition, as farmers continue to suffer the consequences of a prolonged dry season.

“This is not only about feed prices, but also about the cumulative effect of seasonal drought and market instability,” said Nidaa Ibraheem, an agricultural engineer, highlighting the potential strain on small and mid-sized farmers. She noted that the decision should be evaluated in the context of growing environmental uncertainty.

Laith Al Haj, president of the Cooperative Dairy Farmers’ Association, expressed similar concerns in a statement to The Jordan Times. He pointed out that higher prices for essential feeds such as barley and bran could make it increasingly difficult for farmers to maintain operations. “Dairy farmers are already grappling with high production costs and low milk prices,” he said.

Rana Maen, an economist with experience in the agricultural industry, said that “Increasing feed prices, even if sheep are excluded, sends a ripple effect through the entire livestock industry.”

Man handed 7-year jail term for sexually assaulting teenage girl

By - Apr 14,2025 - Last updated at Apr 14,2025

File photo

AMMAN — The Court of Cassation upheld an October 2023 Criminal Court ruling, sentencing an Egyptian national to seven years in prison after convicting him of engaging in consensual sexual activities with a teenage divorced Syrian girl in 2023.

The court declared the defendant guilty of engaging in sexual activities with the 17-year-old minor and handed him the maximum penalty.  

Court papers said the victim and the defendant knew each other few months before the incident.

The two developed a relationship, and the defendant “went to the girl’s house on three different occasions and engaged in sexual activities with her, the court added.

The victim became pregnant and notified the defendant, who asked her not to inform her family, court papers added.

However, the victim informed her family, and they took their daughter to the Family Protection Department for legal action against the defendant, the court stated.

The defendant did not contest his verdict at a higher court.

Meanwhile, the Criminal Court’s attorney general asked the higher court to uphold the sentence.

The higher court ruled that the Criminal Court proceedings were accurate and that the defendant was given the appropriate punishment.

The Court of Cassation was headed by Judge Mahmoud Ebtoush and included judges Rizeq Abulfool, Fawzy Nahar, Majid Rafaya and Qassem Dughmi.

Release of book “Cyberspace and Shifts of Power in International Relations”

By - Apr 14,2025 - Last updated at Apr 14,2025

DOHA — The Arab Center for Research and Policy Studies has published a new book titled Cyberspace and Shifts of Power in International Relations, authored by Dr. Khaled Walid Mahmoud. The book offers an in-depth analysis of one of the most modern and significant topics in the literature of international relations and social sciences. It explores the uses of cyberspace, the nature of its influence, and how it interacts with international contexts and transformations. The book consists of 376 pages, including a bibliography and a general index.
 
The study begins by tracing the emergence and development of cyberspace, which has become a central arena in global politics due to the tools of technology, information, and communications that have redefined power in its various forms. The book examines the strategic depth of cyberspace and its accelerating influence in shaping the roles of international actors, how these actors employ this space to expand their influence, develop tools of impact, and innovate competitive and strategic advantages in a rapidly changing global scene.
 
Cyberspace: Forms of Power and the Nature of Actors
 
The author seeks to answer the research question: To what extent has cyberspace contributed to constructing a new form of power in international relations? He does so by demonstrating the growing significance of cyberspace as a domain that increasingly influences the distribution and spread of power, as a field of international interactions, and as a theater of competition and conflict. The book is based on the hypothesis that cyberspace has altered traditional components of power and opened the door for new actors—non-state entities—to participate in shaping international interactions.
 
The study highlights how cyberspace has transformed into a new domain added to the traditional environments (land, sea, air, and space), leading to the emergence of the concept of “cyber power.” This new power relies on technological knowledge, innovation, and creativity, allowing smaller states and non-governmental actors to play influential roles alongside traditional great powers.
 
The research identifies two levels of power transformation caused by cyberspace: the first relates to the components and forms of power—such as cyberattacks, viruses, hacking, piracy, algorithms, encryption, phishing, cyber deception, and disruption. The second concerns the actors who possess power amid its diffusion among non-state actors: individuals, multinational corporations, terrorist groups, hackers, and resistance movements. These actors now play roles in international interactions, creating new challenges to state sovereignty.
 
This transformation has compelled states to reprioritize their strategic agendas to keep pace with the growing uses of cyberspace, which has become a primary arena for international conflicts and rivalries. Today, states increasingly rely on cyberspace to manage their military, financial, governmental, and commercial infrastructures, making it a central factor in achieving national security and economic growth.
 
However, this growing reliance on cyberspace has been accompanied by major challenges, most notably the rise of cyberattacks as effective tools for achieving political and military objectives. These attacks can cause severe damage to the infrastructure of targeted states, making them powerful instruments in managing international conflicts. Yet, the deeper impact of cyberspace lies in reshaping the very concept of power. It has become a decisive factor in international relations—not only through traditional resource possession but also through ownership of digital knowledge and advanced technologies.
 
Cyberspace as a Field of International Conflict
 
The challenges and transformations brought about by cyberspace provide a key motivation to deepen the understanding of its various impacts on international relations and the concept of power. From this perspective, the book highlights cyberspace as a new focal point for reshaping international dynamics. The topics are divided into two main parts, comprising four interlinked chapters.
 
The first part explores cyberspace as a new phenomenon in international relations. Chapter One presents the conceptual framework for the emergence of cyberspace, focusing on its definition, characteristics, and its growing role in shaping international relations. Chapter Two delves into the concept of power and its historical transformations, analyzing how cyberspace has contributed to the redefinition of this concept, leading to the decline of traditional power in the face of rising cyber power.
 
The second part discusses cyberspace as a domain of international conflict. Chapter Three addresses cyber conflict as a manifestation of current geopolitical shifts, showing how this domain has become a key tool of competition among major and emerging powers. Chapter Four focuses on the race to develop cyber capabilities and its impact on global power balances, highlighting how states are increasingly investing in enhancing their cyber capacities to achieve strategic superiority.
 
The book concludes with a comprehensive review of the key findings and offers practical recommendations for developing effective strategies to confront cyber challenges. Among the key takeaways is that cyber power has become one of the fundamental factors enhancing the influence of both state and non-state actors. It enables them to exercise influence, achieve superiority, and maintain relevance in the international system. Cyber power complements traditional power; it supports strategic goals without replacing conventional military force. It is characterized by its intangible influence across different spheres. Moreover, the effects of cyberattacks correlate directly with technological advancement—meaning highly digitized nations are more vulnerable to these attacks. This gives rise to “asymmetric warfare,” where disparities in digital capabilities among rival parties make cyberspace an inherently unequal battlefield.
 
One of the most significant recommendations in the book is the need to establish an Arab model for measuring cyber capabilities and to emphasize the academic dimension in studying cyber politics as a contemporary discipline for understanding transformations in international relations. It also highlights the importance of promoting cyber awareness and culture through the development of Arabic knowledge content suited to the growing challenges in this field, alongside the need to direct research agendas toward core issues raised by cyberspace.
 
About the Author
 
Khaled Waleed Mahmoud holds a PhD in political science. He currently serves as the Senior manager of the Media and Communication Department at the Doha Institute for Graduate Studies. Previously, he worked as a researcher at the Arab Center for Research and Policy Studies. His research interests focus on cyber politics, an emerging field that examines the impact of cyberspace on international relations and the reshaping of global power. He has published several books, sixteen peer-reviewed studies, and dozens of journalistic articles on topics related to his specialization.

Prime minister departs for US on official visit

By - Apr 14,2025 - Last updated at Apr 14,2025

AMMAN — Prime Minister Jafar Hassan on Sunday departed for the US on a twoday official working visit on the heels of His Majesty King Abdullah’s recent visit to Washington, DC.

During the visit, the prime minister was scheduled to hold meetings with US officials to discuss ways to boost and expand relations, particularly in the economic sector He was accompanied by Minister of Industry, Trade, and Supply Yarub Qudah and Minister of Planning and International Cooperation Zeina Toukan, according to a Prime Ministry statement.

King receives Indonesian president

By - Apr 13,2025 - Last updated at Apr 13,2025

AMMAN — His Majesty King Abdullah II received Indonesian President Prabowo Subianto at Marka Airport on Sunday at the start of his two-day visit to Jordan.

Also present to receive the Indonesian president were HRH Prince Ghazi bin Muhammad, His Majesty’s chief adviser for religious and cultural affairs and personal envoy, Deputy Prime Minister and Foreign Minister Ayman Safadi, Director of the Office of His Majesty Alaa Batayneh, Minister of Investment Mothanna Gharaibeh, the Escort of Honour, a number of ministers and officials, Jordan’s Ambassador to Indonesia Sidqi Omoush, and Indonesia’s Ambassador to Jordan Ade Padamo Sarwono.

Royal Jordanian Air Force F16 fighter jets accompanied the Indonesian president’s aircraft upon entering Jordanian airspace.

Alia camel: symbol of Jordan's heritage, resilience

By - Apr 13,2025 - Last updated at Apr 13,2025

Camelids play a vital role in advancing the Sustainable Development Goals related to the fight against hunger, the eradication of poverty, the empowerment of women, and the sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems (Photos courtesy of Nizar Haddad)

AMMAN — The United Nations declared 2024 the International Year of Camelids (IYC 2024). 

Camels, llamas, alpacas, vicunas, and guanacos are an important source of livelihood for millions of families in deserts and mountainous rangelands around the world. 

Camelids play a vital role in advancing the Sustainable Development Goals related to the fight against hunger, the eradication of poverty, the empowerment of women, and the sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems. From providing milk, meat, fiber, and organic fertiliser to transporting products and people, camelids thrive where other livestock species cannot survive.

Jordan

In celebration of camels and Bedouin communities in Jordan, the National Agricultural Research Centre (NARC), under the patronage of Nizar Haddad (Researcher and former Director General of NARC), and in partnership with Nico Dingemans (founder of From Farm to Fork in Jordan) and Sami Allawama (founder of Camelera camel milk products), organised Ships of the Desert in May 2024 in Wadi Rum, the first IYC event in the Middle East and North Africa. 

Haddad also led the scientific research The Alia Camel of Jordan: a genetically distinct dromedary breed, which will be published soon, demonstrating that the Alia camels are genetically distinct and deserve preservation. 

Mohammed Araishi, camel expert at NARC and the Livestock Research Directorate, played a key role in this project.

In October 2024, Dingemans and Allawama organised a second camelids event in partnership with FAO Jordan in Amman. 

In part one of this two-part article, Dingemans delves into the socioeconomic and gastronomic significance of camels and camel products, such as milk, cheese varieties, and meat, with contributions from Allawama, while part two (this article) explores the results of scientific and heritage research by Haddad, Araishi, and the research team. 

 

A unique breed in the heart of Jordan

 

Among the diverse types of dromedaries, the Alia camel (locally known as “Jamal Alia”) is a genetically distinct breed found primarily in the arid landscapes of Wadi Araba in the south, and the Jordan Valley in the east. 

It captured the attention of scientists and cultural enthusiasts alike as recent advanced genomic research identified its’ genetic uniqueness due to the exceptional endurance, high milk production, and adaptability to Jordan’s diverse environments.

Beyond its biological importance, the Alia camel holds a “special” place in Jordanian culture and history, symbolising resilience, and ingenuity.

 

Heritage written in stone

 

The Alia camel has been a part of Jordan’s history since ancient times, dating back to the Nabataean civilisation. 

Archaeological findings in Petra, including ancient carvings of camels in the Siq, reflect the essential role of camels as indispensable companions for trade and transportation across the Arabian Peninsula. 

Oral traditions attribute the Alia camel’s lineage to the camels of Ali ibn Abi Talib, the son-in-law of the Prophet Muhammad, further elevating its cultural importance among Jordanian Bedouins.

In Jordan’s Eastern Desert, rock art further depicts the enduring relationship between camels and Indigenous people of the region. These carvings, etched into the sandstone by early inhabitants, serve as a testament to the camel’s importance in daily life and survival, and its’ cultural significance is embedded in folklore and identity, social practices and artistic representation.

 

Collaborative research and discovery

 

The “groundbreaking” research was made possible through the collaboration of several esteemed institutions, including NARC, the University of Jordan, and Victory Genomics. 

The Alia camel project I initiated as Haddad was supported by the National Centre for Research and Development of the Higher Council for Science and Technology of Jordan, following his prior genetic studies of local Awassi sheep, historical Mehras olive trees, and indigenous honeybee populations, showcasing Jordan’s rich agricultural biodiversity.

 

Why Alia camel stands out

 

The study leveraged whole-genome sequencing (WGS), confirming that the Alia camel is genetically distinct from other dromedaries in the Arabian Peninsula. Its’ phenotypic characteristics show remarkable traits, such as endurance and speed, high milk yield, adaptability and genetic distinction.

This genetic distinctiveness is not due to geographical isolation but rather careful breeding practices in Jordan and the Alia camel’s genetic diversity is comparable to or greater than other camel populations, emphasising its biological significance.

 

Challenges, call for conservation

 

Despite its resilience, the Alia camel faces numerous challenges, including habitat loss, modernisation, and a lack of formal recognition as a distinct breed. Conservation efforts are essential to preserving its legacy.

Conservation matters due to several aspects related to cultural preservation, economic value, biodiversity.

To ensure its survival, several steps must be taken, including official breed recognition, expanded research and monitoring, sustainable breeding, research expansion and public awareness.

Cabinet approves amendments to real estate law, says they ease land ownership procedures

Gov't advances investment reforms, smart transport, water security

By - Apr 13,2025 - Last updated at Apr 13,2025

  • Agriculture projects endorsed, agreements reached with China and Morocco

AMMAN — The Cabinet, during a session chaired by Prime Minister Jafar Hassan, endorsed on Sunday draft amendments to the 2025 Real Estate Ownership Law to streamline land registration procedures and facilitate the dissolution of joint ownership.

The amendments grant expanded authority to the Department of Lands and Survey, enabling it to deliver faster, more efficient services and reduce bureaucratic hurdles, according to a Prime Ministry statement.

The amended bill introduces mechanisms to regulate joint ownership dissolution committees and provides guidelines for determining fair compensation in cases of public expropriation. It also addresses existing legal gaps by allowing companies, non-Jordanians, and legal entities to acquire property in specific unincorporated areas, which was previously restricted.

Under the new framework, legal entities engaged in lease financing will be able to obtain property permits directly from the Department of Lands and the Ministry of Finance, eliminating the need for Cabinet approval. The move aims to streamline procedures and enhance investor access to Jordan’s property market.

In the transport sector, the Cabinet reviewed the regulatory framework governing smart transport applications. Emphasising the importance of competitiveness and service quality, the Council of Ministers directed the Land Transport Regulatory Commission (LTRC) to electronically integrate its systems with ride-hailing platforms and update licensing conditions.

New requirements will be introduced to ensure vehicle safety and enhance complaint resolution mechanisms. The government is also considering allowing ride-hailing drivers not currently enrolled in social security to opt in voluntarily, the statement said.

 

To support the agricultural sector, the Cabinet approved three new cooperation projects with the UN Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) and the World Food Programme (WFP). The initiatives focus on building farmer capacity, expanding access to markets, and promoting climate-resilient agricultural practices.

One project will promote sustainable agriculture and youth employment, while another will focus on preserving native plant species. A third will improve farmers’ access to green financing, with particular emphasis on empowering rural communities and closing gender and youth financing gaps.

Additionally, the Cabinet ratified a protocol with China on the export of processed sheepskins and signed a memorandum of understanding with the China Global Farmers' Association to boost development cooperation for Jordanian farmers.

In the water sector, the government signed a memorandum of understanding with Morocco to exchange expertise in water infrastructure and management. Areas of cooperation include desalination, rainwater harvesting, wastewater reuse, and drought mitigation strategies.

The Cabinet also approved a formal commitment document for the Aqaba-Amman Desalination and Conveyance Project, Jordan’s largest water infrastructure initiative. Once operational, the National Carrier Project is expected to deliver 300 million cubic metres of desalinated water annually, significantly bolstering the Kingdom’s water security.

On the international cooperation front, the Cabinet endorsed several agreements, including a memorandum with Qatar to enhance cooperation in social development. The agreement addresses child welfare, women’s rights, elderly care, and services for persons with disabilities.

The Cabinet also approved several senior appointments. Mazen Shahadeh Abu Baqr was named Secretary General of the Ministry of Youth, Riyad Kharabsheh was appointed Director General of the Land Transport Regulatory Commission, and Ibrahim Rawashdeh was selected to head the National Agricultural Research Centre. All three candidates earned the highest scores in the 2024 Government Leadership Selection System.

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