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Researchers find way to better encrypt genetic data

By - Oct 20,2018 - Last updated at Oct 20,2018

WASHINGTON — Using nothing more than a simple vial of saliva, millions of people have created DNA profiles on genealogy websites. 

But this wealth of information is effectively inaccessible to genetics researchers, with the sites painstakingly safeguarding their databases, fearful of a leak that could cost them dearly in terms of credibility.

This problem of access is one that Bonnie Berger, a professor of mathematics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and her colleagues think they can solve, with a new cryptographic system to protect the information.

“We’re currently at a stalemate in sharing all this genomic data,” Berger told AFP. “It’s really hard for researchers to get any of their data, so they’re not really helping science.”

“No one can gain access to help them find the link between genetic variations and disease,” she said. “But just think what could happen if we could leverage the millions of genomes out there.”

The idea of this new cryptographic method, described on Thursday in the US journal Science, was developed in connection to finding drug candidates in datasets from pharmaceuticals companies.

In an earlier work, the researchers have shown the concept could be applied to DNA profiles.

Labs are constantly looking to identify links between millions of drug compounds and the tens of thousands of proteins in the human body, to identify good candidates for certain drugs. 

But they do not want their competitors to know what they are working on. Often, their drug compounds are patented and secret. So they do not share much.

 

‘Secret sharing’

 

With the researchers’ new scalable technique, the first based on a secure “neural network”, Berger explained, labs could share their sensitive data, dividing it between several servers that would run to find new links based on the data sample as a whole.

But no entity would be able to access the initial inputs, which might include proprietary information — provided they do not decide to collude with each other.

Each entity would get results based on its contributions. 

Berger says their technique is based on a cryptographic framework called “secret sharing”.

The researchers introduced new optimization and artificial intelligence techniques to be able to handle the millions of chemical compounds or genomes that need to be analysed.

“We can do something that was absolutely not possible before,” the MIT professor said, noting that existing cryptographic methods involve unwieldy large-scale computer calculations and communications costs.

They also only work for thousands of data points, not millions.

The same technique could allow the major genealogy websites, like Ancestry.com and 23andMe, to open their databases to researchers and pool them.

Ancestry has more than 10 million registered profiles, while 23andMe has more than 5 million.

Berger told AFP she had been in contact with both companies about her findings. 

Ancestry, 23andMe, MyHeritage and others offer physical, genealogical and sometimes even medical data — such as a history of cancer in the family. It is this information that researchers want to match against certain genetic variations.

23andMe has taken a step in this direction, via a partnership with pharmaceuticals group GlaxoSmithKline. A 23andMe spokesman told AFP that scientific collaborations have led to the publication of about 100 research articles.

But the company only offers researchers a statistical summary of the results, in this format: “30 per cent of males aged 20-35 have reported being diagnosed with X disease and have Y variants/mutations in common.”

And user participation is on a voluntary basis, which limits the scope of the findings.

 

Privacy concerns

 

The intersection of genetics and genealogy has made headlines in the United States. Last week, a new study showed that half of all Americans could be identified from relatives’ DNA samples found in GEDmatch, a free website.

This technique has been a boon for US police forces, who have used it to identify suspects in cold cases dating back decades, such as the “Golden State Killer,” who is blamed for 12 murders and more than 50 rapes starting in the mid-1970s.

It can also be used by people looking for their biological parents.

But what happens if the data falls into the wrong hands? Hackers could potentially exploit the information to nefarious ends. Or what if insurance companies and others used it to discriminate against customers?

Benjamin Berkman, a bioethics researcher at the National Institutes of Health, told AFP there is “not really evidence of systemic discrimination”, but noted that “doesn’t mean that it couldn’t become a problem”.

“People are very worried about genomic privacy. It’s something that they cite as a reason why they’re not getting genetic testing, or they’re not enrolling in research,” Berkman said.

Too many people missing out on health benefits of golf, some experts say

By - Oct 20,2018 - Last updated at Oct 20,2018

AFP photo

Playing golf is associated with better strength and balance, a sharper mind, a lower risk of heart disease and a longer life, according to public health experts who say more people should take up the sport. 

While an estimated 60 million people play golf at least twice a year, golfers are primarily middle aged and older, affluent, male, white, and living in North America, Europe and Australia, experts note in the 2018 International Consensus Statement on Golf and Health published in the British Journal of Sports Medicine. 

“Golf can provide aerobic physical activity to persons of all ages, and strength and balance benefits to older adults,” said Dr Andrew Murray of the University of Edinburgh in the UK. 

“Regular physical activity is one of the best things you can do for your health, decreasing the risk of heart attacks, strokes, type 2 diabetes, as well as dementia, depression and anxiety,” Murray, lead author of the consensus statement, said by e-mail. 

 “Golf is not unique in providing this, and anything involving physical activity can be of great benefit,” Murray added. “Golf additionally is green exercise, gives time to relax, and in a world where older adults are generally less active than youngsters, can be played from three to 103.” 

To assess the physical and mental health benefits of golf and propose ways to make the sport more accessible to a wider population, Murray and more than two dozen other experts in public health, health policy and industry reviewed data from 342 previously published studies on the sport. The work was funded in part by the World Golf Foundation. 

Compared with other sports, the risk of injury in golf is moderate, these experts conclude. But because golf is an outdoor activity, golfers may have a higher risk of skin cancer than people who take up indoor sports or activities that do not involve as much time outside. 

To get the most benefit from the sport, golfers should play for at least 150 minutes a week and avoid riding in the golf cart, the authors advise. Players should also do warm-up and strengthening exercises to lower their risk of injury and use sunscreen and protective clothing to limit their risk of skin cancer.

Cost and perceptions of the sport as the domain of older white men may put some people off the idea of playing golf, however. The sport is also perceived as difficult to learn and unwelcoming to women and people of colour.

Leaders in golf should make a greater effort to make the sport more inclusive and welcoming of people from all walks of life and ethnic backgrounds, the experts advise. 

“Golf is one of many sporting activities that may contribute to the lowering of global physical inactivity, and it is a sport that is particularly popular among middle-aged and older adults with the potential of lifelong participation,” said Peter Krustrup, a professor of sport and health sciences at the University of Southern Denmark in Odense who was not involved in the consensus statement. 

For people who need to improve cardiovascular fitness, however, golf may need to be supplemented with other exercise, Krustrup said by e-mail. 

“Golf is a low-impact sport and golfers never reach very high heart rates when playing golf, making golf a non-optimal sport [for improving] cardiorespiratory fitness and musculoskeletal fitness,” Krustrup said. “Therefore, it makes good sense that the consensus statement says that taking part in physical activities additional to golf is likely to offer further health benefits.” 

Most seniors would willingly take fewer meds

By - Oct 18,2018 - Last updated at Oct 18,2018

Photo courtesy of healthline.com

 

Most elderly patients taking multiple prescription medications would be willing to reduce their daily pill regimen to minimise their risk of side effects like falls or dangerous drug interactions, a US study suggests. 

Nine out of ten people 65 and older are willing to stop taking one or more medications if their doctor recommends this, the study found. And two-thirds of older adults would like to cut back on the total number of medicines they take. 

Approximately half of adults 65 and older are taking five or more medications, researchers note in JAMA Internal Medicine. While this is necessary in some circumstances, drugs that are safe and effective in isolation can become dangerous in certain combinations and contribute to side effects like dizziness, cognitive impairment, falls, hospitalisations and deaths. 

“Over time the potential benefits and harms can change,” said lead study author Emily Reeve of the University of Sydney in Australia. 

“So it’s important to regularly review the medications that older adults are taking and consider whether they are all still necessary,” Reeve said by e-mail. 

For the study, Reeve and colleagues examined survey data collected from 1,981 adults covered by Medicare, the US health insurance program for people 65 and older. Most of them had two or more chronic medical conditions, and more than half were no more than 74 years old.

While about 56 per cent of the participants took no more than five medications on a regular basis, 40 per cent of them took at least six drugs regularly, the study found.

Compared to people who took fewer than six medications, those taking more were almost three times more likely to express a willingness to stop taking one or more drugs.

People with more chronic medical problems were more likely to want to stop taking at least one drug than individuals with fewer health issues, the study also found. 

The study was not a controlled experiment designed to prove whether or how this willingness might translate into people actually stopping any of their routine medications, and it also was not designed to examine how stopping might impact people’s health. 

Still, the results suggest that at least some patients may be missing out on opportunities to cut back on medications they should not be taking, said Dr David Gifford of the American Health Care Association in Washington, DC.

“Patients need to tell their physicians when they think they are taking too many medications or want to take fewer medications, and physicians need to talk to their patients more about stopping medications and discussing the risk and benefits of medications,” Gifford, who wasn’t involved in the study, said by e-mail. 

Just because many health problems that develop with age — like high cholesterol or elevated blood pressure — can be controlled by medications, that does not always mean that people who start taking drugs need to continue treatment indefinitely, said Joshua Thorpe, a researcher at the University of North Carolina Chapel Hill Eshelman School of Pharmacy. 

“While entirely appropriate, every medicine also carries potential risks and takes a toll on our minds and bodies,” Thorpe, who wasn’t involved in the study, said by e-mail. 

Going beyond the one-name one-product concept

By - Oct 18,2018 - Last updated at Oct 18,2018

We are but human beings, and as such we like to associate one name with one main product. It makes sense and it makes our life easier. Essentially, Microsoft is about software, Samsung about smartphones, Sony makes TVs and Toyota makes cars. It is simple and clear.

The fact that giant manufacturers and industry leaders also offer products other than the ones they are chiefly famous for does not change the main image we automatically see when we think of them. For instance you would rarely remember that Microsoft does digital cameras though it actually makes excellent ones too.

When it comes to the greatest Internet search engine that is Google, we mainly see it as, well… a search engine. We tend to forget that Google is also the company that designed Android, the mobile operating system that operates the largest number — and by far — of mobile devices in the world. The fact that Android actually is “based on a modified version of the Linux kernel” does not change the concept and does not reduce the company’s merit.

Making a great operating system gives you the power, the tools to build hardware to run it. This is plain logic, and this is what Google is doing. The company’s smartphones are now so advanced, and so feature-rich that they are directly competing with the three big names, Apple iPhones, Samsung’s Galaxy series and Huawei smartphones.

Strangely, and until the second quarter of this year, Google smartphones are not even mentioned explicitly by their brand name in statista.com statistics about phones market shares. They are grouped and combined with the “others” category, well after Samsung, Apple, Huawei, LG and Sony.

And yet, Google’s Pixel phones models come with superior features such as a top-notch camera that alone deserves kudos. The latest model, Pixel 3, is expected to hit the market by early November. In almost every aspect, from screen colours and size, to camera resolution, processor and memory, Pixel 3 is a valid and qualified contender for all the models of the aforementioned three market leaders.

Naturally, usage over time is the only way to actually tell how reliable a product is and to judge it, and consequently how and if it will find its place in the top players league. Characteristics such as battery lifetime and autonomy, resistance to falls and physical shock, level of “waterproofing”, or quality of sound playback, all these take time to test and properly evaluate.

Google wants the consumer to go beyond the one-name one-product idea. The company is right in that sense that its Android operating system is software that is not “that far” from the software it took to make a great search engine and the Chrome web browser that complements it rather nicely. And in turn, these last items allows it to make an equally great smartphone.

Perhaps Japanese manufacturer Yamaha is the industry in the world that makes the largest possible range of products, having apparently nothing in common with each other, except for their undisputed, superior quality. From classical acoustic pianos, digital synthesisers, concert guitars, audio amplifiers, motorcycles and water motor sport vehicles, Yamaha does it all perfectly well.

There is therefore no reason why Google, “that specialises in Internet-related services and products”, cannot convince consumers that its Pixel smartphone is not at least as good as an iPhone or a Galaxy. It is worth remembering Google’s financial power: through its Alphabet multinational conglomerate, Google in 2017 had a revenue of $111 billion, the second in the world, exceeded only by Amazon with $177 billion.

Lifespan 2040: US down, China up, Spain on top

By - Oct 17,2018 - Last updated at Oct 17,2018

AFP photo

PARIS — Life expectancy in 2040 is set to rise at least a little in all nations but the rankings will change dramatically, with Spain taking the top spot while China and the United States trade places, researchers said Wednesday.

With a projected average lifespan of nearly 85.8 years, Spain — formerly in 4th place — will dethrone Japan, which sits atop the rankings today with a lifespan of 83.7 years, and will drop to 2nd place in 2040.

In a shift that will be seen by some to reflect a superpower changing-of-the-guard, the world’s two largest economies effectively swap positions compared to 2016: in 2040 the US drops from 43rd to 64th (79.8 years), while China rises from 68th to 39th (81.9 years).

The researchers found other nations set to lose ground in the race towards longevity include Canada (from 17th to 27th), Norway (12th to 20th), Australia (5th to 10th), Mexico (69th to 87th), Taiwan (35th to 42nd) and North Korea 125th to 153rd).

Moving up the ranking are Indonesia (117th to 100th), Nigeria (157th to 123rd), Portugal (23rd to 5th), Poland (48th to 34th), Turkey (40th to 26th), Saudi Arabia (61st to 43rd).

Assuming its interminable and devastating war comes to an end, Syria is set to rise from 137th in 2016 to 80th in 2040.

For the world as a whole, the researchers’ study projected a five-year gain in lifespan, from 73.8 in 2016 to 77.7 in 2040.

They also forecast more optimistic and pessimistic scenarios, in which life expectancy increases to 81 years in the first case and essentially stagnates in the second. 

“The future of the world’s health is not pre-ordained,” said lead author Kyle Foreman, head of data science at the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME) at the University of Washington.

“But whether we see signficant progress or stagnation depends on how well or poorly health systems address key health drivers.”

 

Smoking and poor diet

 

The top five “drivers”, or determinants, of average lifespans two decades from now are all related to so-called “lifestyle” diseases: high blood pressure, being overweight, high blood sugar, along with alcohol and tobacco use.

More generally, the world will see an acceleration of the shift already under way from communicable to non-communicable diseases, along with injuries, as the top cause of premature death.

Ranking a close sixth is air pollution, which scientists estimate claims a million lives a year in China alone.

The world’s poorest countries in 2018 will continue to fair poorly when it comes to life expectancy, according to the study, published in The Lancet.

With the exception of Afghanistan, the bottom 30 countries in 2040 — with projected lifespans between 57 and 69 years — are either in sub-Saharan Africa or small island states in the Pacific. 

Lesotho, the Central African Republic, Zimbabwe, Somalia and Swaziland are in the basement of the rankings. 

“Inequalities will continue to be large,” said IHME Director Christopher Murray.

“In a substantial number of countries, too many people will continue earning relatively low incomes, remain poorly educated and die prematurely.”

“But nations could make faster progress by helping people tackle the major risks, especially smoking and poor diet,” he added in a statement.

Tobacco consumption alone claims about seven million lives each year, according to the World Health Organisation.

In 2016, four of the top-ten causes of premature mortality were non-communicable diseases or injuries. In 2040, that figure is expected to rise to eight-out-of-ten. 

The study is available at www.healthdata.org.

Mauritian dodo

By - Oct 17,2018 - Last updated at Oct 17,2018

Ten months ago, I moved back to the African continent, after a gap of roughly ten years. I had lived in Johannesburg and Dar-es-Salaam earlier, which were as different from each other, as chalk and cheese. The latter is in Tanzania, which is in East Africa, while the former is in South Africa. These two countries do not have much in common as their spoken languages are dissimilar, eating habits are diverse and even the weather patterns are varied. 

Mauritius, where I have relocated, is “the best African destination you know almost nothing about”, claims Tony Smart in the CNN travel magazine. So, let me tell you everything about it. This is an island state in the Indian Ocean, which is situated geographically in the intersection of Africa and Asia. The country is a part of the Eastern African sub region, which constitutes twenty territories and is included in Africa’s small island nations, together with Comoros and Seychelles. It is also a member of the African Union.

Right! These particulars you might find while surfing online too but what you will not discover is how far the distances are between the north and south of the island or from east to west, for that matter. Despite the total land area of the country being 2,040 sq.km (about 80 per cent the size of Luxembourg) it takes a minimum of ninety minutes in commuting from one end of the island to another. Everyone has their own social circles according to the region they reside in and going the extra mile to a party is not very common here. It happens but I have observed that it is quite a rare occurrence. 

Also, though people in Mauritius do not like to associate themselves with the laidback “hakuna matata” (Swahili language phrase from Central East Africa that means no worries) mindset of the rest of the continent, they seem to have the same disregard for time. There is never any rush to get anything done and everybody follows the “island time”, which can be anything between a few hours to a few days. 

The dodo is the national bird of Mauritius that is now extinct. Sadly, the first European explorers ate it up in the seventeenth century. This three-foot tall flightless bird lived on fruit and nested on the ground. It is curious that a bird without wings could exist on an island. Experts believe the dodo could fly but once it got to Mauritius it chose not to; it had a strange reverse evolution of trying to achieve something called, flightlessness.

Aside from the phrase ‘as dead as a dodo,’ the bird’s chief contribution to literature is its cameo in Lewis Carroll’s “Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland,” where it stages a “Caucus Race”. It’s widely believed that the Dodo was a stand-in for Carroll himself, whose real name was Charles Lutwidge Dodgson. Take the first two letters of the author’s last name and the fact that Carroll had a pronounced stutter, and you can see why he identified so closely with the long-gone dodo. 

Surprisingly, before visiting any country in Africa, my acquaintances call me first to check. 

“Listen, you got mugged in Tanzania or South Africa?” asked my friend on the phone. 

“Dar-es-Salaam,” I replied. 

“We are going to Cape Town,” she confided.

“Everything is beautiful there,” I exclaimed.

“Crime scene as extinct as the dodo?” she joked. 

“Also enhanced,” I said cautiously.

“Rare occurrence?” she questioned.

“Daily occurrence,” I warned.

Less violent behaviour seen in teens where spanking is illegal

By - Oct 16,2018 - Last updated at Oct 16,2018

Photo courtesy of wordpress.com

Teens may be less likely to get in fist fights when they live in countries where it is illegal for parents to spank or slap children as punishment for bad behaviour, an international study suggests. 

Researchers examined data on more than 403,000 adolescents in 88 countries that are home to almost half of the world’s teenagers. Overall, rates of physical fighting were 42 per cent lower among girls and 69 per cent lower among boys in countries with full bans on corporal punishment at home and in school than in nations without prohibitions on spanking or hitting kids. 

“Kids mimic their parents’ behaviour,” said lead author Frank Elgar, a researcher at McGill University in Montreal. 

“Corporal punishment teaches children that physical force is an acceptable way to change someone’s behaviour,” Elgar said by e-mail. “It’s a powerful lesson that carries through to their own social relationships in later life, including their own parenting styles, even men’s violence towards women.” 

While the study focused on government policies, not individual parents’ approaches to discipline, the results suggest that discouraging corporal punishment at a national level may help shape teens’ attitudes about violence and their propensity to get into physical fights, researchers note in BMJ Open. 

An estimated 17 per cent of adolescents worldwide have experienced corporal punishment at home or in school in the past month, researchers note. 

Corporal punishment is typically intended to cause pain but not physically injure children. Proponents argue that it is harmless or even beneficial to long-term health, but the practice has been linked to aggressive behaviour, mental health problems and academic and cognitive challenges, the study authors write. 

To find out if national bans might affect rates of youth violence around the globe, the researchers drew on data from two longstanding surveys of teen behaviour in 88 countries: the World Health Organisation Health Behaviour in School Aged Children study and the Global School-based Health Survey. 

The surveys included a question on whether, and how often, the respondent had been involved in a physical fight over the past 12 months. 

Thirty countries had implemented a full ban on corporal punishment at school and at home; 38 had bans only for schools; and 20 had no bans in place. 

Physical fighting was more than three times more common in boys than girls, the analysis found. It also varied widely by country, with the proportion of youth engaged in violent behaviour ranging from less than 1 per cent of girls in Costa Rica to nearly 35 per cent of boys in Samoa. 

In countries with partial bans that only applied to schools — which includes the UK, the US and Canada — fighting was not any less common among boys that it was in nations with no ban at all. But fighting was 56 per cent less common among teen girls. 

These associations held true even after accounting for other potentially influential factors, such as national wealth, the murder rate and social programmes aiming to curb teens’ exposure to violence at home and at school. 

The study was not a controlled experiment designed to prove whether or how national policies on corporal punishment directly impacted parenting choices or teen behaviour. It also did not examine the frequency or severity of any exposure to spanking or hitting. 

Even so, the results add to evidence suggesting that children’s exposure to violence at home and at school can have a lasting impact on their behaviour later in life, said Andrew Riley, a researcher at Oregon Health & Science University in Portland who was not involved in the study. 

“We know that corporal punishment increases the risk of many poor outcomes later in life: Interpersonal violence, behavioural and mental health problems, physical health problems, and poorer academic performance to name a few,” Riley said by e-mail. “The effects are probably worst when parenting practices are harsh and inconsistent overall.”

Asthma during pregnancy tied to postpartum depression risk

By - Oct 15,2018 - Last updated at Oct 15,2018

AFP photo

Women who have asthma during their pregnancies are more likely to experience postpartum depression after delivery, a large Canadian study suggests. 

Physicians should watch for signs of depression in their pregnant patients with asthma so treatment and coping strategies can start early, the authors write in The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice. 

“We knew asthma in general [outside of pregnancy] is associated with an increased risk of depression, so we suspected that asthma during pregnancy could increase the risk of postpartum depression,” said lead author Lucie Blais, a researcher at the Universite de Montreal. 

“Women with asthma should be aware of the increased risk of postpartum depression and discuss quickly with their physician if they feel depressed or elaborate a strategy to minimise the risk before delivery,” Blais told Reuters Health in an e-mail.

To assess the risk, Blais and her colleagues compared the health histories of more than 35,000 pregnant women with asthma and almost 200,000 women without asthma who delivered babies in Quebec between 1998 and 2009.

In the year after delivery, rates of postpartum depression were roughly double among women with asthma.

At one month postpartum, 0.8 per cent of women with asthma were depressed, compared to 0.4 per cent of women without asthma. At three months, about 2 per cent of women with asthma had a depression diagnosis compared to 1 per cent of women without asthma. And at one year, about 6 per cent of women with asthma had postpartum depression compared to about 3 per cent of women without asthma. 

The researchers also considered other health conditions and demographic information and found that women with asthma were more likely to be under age 25, to live in urban areas and to have chronic diseases or pregnancy-related disorders. 

In addition, the rates of preterm birth, caesarean delivery, low birth weight, poor foetal growth or a congenital malformation at delivery were greater among women with asthma. 

After taking these factors into account, including history of depression, the authors calculated that women with asthma were still 58 per cent more likely than those without asthma to experience postpartum depression. 

It is not clear why having asthma during pregnancy would increase the risk of postpartum depression, the authors note. However, it might be due to increased feelings of anxiety or stress among women with asthma. Inflammation might also play a role. 

“Asthma and depression might share inflammatory processes and/or the difficulty to deal with a chronic disease while becoming a mother with several associated tasks and responsibilities,” Blais said. 

About one in every seven new mothers experiences postpartum depression, according to the American Psychological Association, and for about half, it may be their first episode of depression. 

Renault Koleos 2.5 CVT 4WD: Confidence and comfort

By - Oct 15,2018 - Last updated at Oct 15,2018

Photo courtesy of Renault

Reinvented as a larger and more upmarket crossover SUV, the second generation Renault Koleos now sits at the top of the French manufacturer’s SUV line-up.

Launched for the 2017 model year and pitched as a more premium mid-size crossover SUV, the new Koleos features a radically improved design, more generous equipment and technology, and thoroughly improved cabin appointment and materials. Meanwhile under its stylish skin, it is based on the same proven driveline and platform as Renault’s Japanese Alliance partner Nissan’s popular X-trail model.

 

Elegantly chunky

 

Aesthetically better resolved than its predecessor, the new Koleos well integrates into the broader Renault range and features a distinctively more dramatic design. With a muscularly ridged clamshell bonnet serving a heavy brow for its slim, scowling and seemingly sunken headlights, the Koleos fascia is also framed by and lower LED arc that runs towards its flanks. Bearing a large diamond-shaped Renault emblem in the middle of its thick slatted grille, the Koleos’s chunky demeanour includes strong wheel-arches and prominent rear haunches.

With a strong sense of presence to its design, the Koleos features a high waistline and big, thick rear lights with a thin LED outline and thin strips extending almost all the way across the rear fascia. Elegant yet confident, its design features an upright cabin, roofline and rear cargo compartment, which lends itself to a spacious cabin and generous 550-litre minimum and 1,690-litre maximum luggage capacity. Another arcing ridge meanwhile frames the rear fascia, while wide exhaust tips are neatly integrated in the bumper assembly.

 

Smooth and seamless

 

Powered by a proven and transversely-mounted 2.5-litre naturally-aspirated four-cylinder engine for Middle East markets, the Koleos develops 169BHP at 6,000rpm and 172lb/ft of torque at 4,000rpm, which powers its 1,607kg mass from standstill to 100km/h in 9.8-seconds and on to a 199km/h maximum.

Smooth, refined and eager through its rev range, the Koleos engine is progressive in delivery and features good throttle control and responsiveness for a comfortable and big SUV. Meanwhile efficiency is rated at 8.3l/100km on the combined cycle.

Driving through a continuously variable transmission, which constantly adjusts ratios to utilise engine speed and torque for efficiency, the Koleos’s transmission provides smooth and seamless delivery. Its broad and ever-changing ratios deliver a slingshot effect as engine revs and transmission ratios shift under hard acceleration, and provide improved on the move versatility. When lacking the clarity, commitment or precision of a traditional gearbox, for selecting a specific gear under hard driving, the Koleos’ features pre-set “manual” mode ratios that mimic a traditional automatic and allow more eager engine revving.

 

Refined ride

 

A smooth, comfortable and refined car to drive and ride in as a passenger, the Renault Koleos is well insulated from noise, vibration and road harshness. Its 18-inch alloys and 225/60R18 tyres meanwhile visually complement its beefy design, but also provide a good compromise between ride pliancy over imperfections, grip, steering precision and firmness through corners and when braking. Riding on MacPherson front and multilink rear suspension, the Koleos also proved stable and settled at speed. Braking meanwhile seemed reassuring.

Tidy and crisp on turn in by crossover SUV standards, its quick steering is precise and direct, while body control through corners was good for a vehicle of this size, weight and height. Driving the front wheels under normal driving conditions, the Koleos can send power rearwards for added traction and grip when necessary in 4WD Auto driving mode. Otherwise, front-drive mode proved best for efficiency in normal driving. Meanwhile on test drive through sandy and gravelly routes, the Koleos lockable four-wheel-drive mode and 210mm ground clearance proved effective.

 

Spacious seating

 

Distinctly more elegant and premium in its design, materials, textures and equipment inside, the new Koleos has a high and commanding driving position with good front visibility, and a rear view camera on higher spec models to help manoeuvre it in tight confines. Seating is comfortable and well adjustable, while passenger space is generous in front and rear, where legroom and access is noticeably good. Meanwhile front cabin design includes two console grab handles, large tablet-style landscape infotainment screen and wide storage box and armrest.

Well-equipped with safety, infotainment, convenience and driver assistance features, the Koleos comes with standard front, front-side and curtain airbags, remote central locking, dual zone air conditioning, rain sensing wipers, Isofix child seat latches, emergency brake assist and voice recognition. Higher spec and optional equipment further includes remote engine start, motion sensing auto tailgate operation, blind spot warning, parking assistance, silver front skidplate, 8-speaker sound system, ambient cabin lighting and a panoramic sunroof for an airy cabin ambiance.

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS

 

Engine: 2.5-litre, 16-valve, DOHC, transverse 4-cylinders

Bore x stroke: 89 x 100mm

Compression ratio; 10:1

Gearbox: Continuously variable transmission (CVT) 6-speed auto

Drive-train: Four-wheel-drive

Power, BHP (PS) [kW]: 169 (171) [126] @6,000rpm

Specific power: 68BHP/litre

Power-to-weight: 105BHP/tonne

Torque, lb/ft (Nm): 172 (233) @4,000rpm

Specific torque: 93.6Nm/litre

Torque-to-weight: 145Nm/tonne

0-100km/h: 9.8-seconds

Top speed: 199km/h

Fuel consumption, urban/extra-urban/combined: 10.7-/6.9-/
8.3l/100km

Fuel capacity: 60-litres

Length: 4,673mm

Width: 1,843mm

Height: 1,678mm

Wheelbase: 2,705mm

Ground clearance: 210mm

Track, F/R: 1,591/1,586mm

Overhang, F/R: 930/1,038mm

Headroom, F/R: 953/911mm

Shoulder room, F/R: 1,449/1,419mm

Cargo volume min/max: 550-/1,690-litres

Payload: 550kg

Unladen weight: 1,607kg

Suspension, F/R: MacPherson struts/multi-link

Steering: Power-assisted, rack & pinion

Turning circle: 11.4-metres

Brakes F/R: Ventilated discs, 296 x 26mm/292 x 16mm

Tyres: 225/60R18

50 years of intricate stories meant to illuminate the times

By - Oct 15,2018 - Last updated at Oct 15,2018

Windows on Interesting Times

Michael Jansen

Rimal Books 2018

Cyprus, www.rimalbooks.com

Pp. 383 + 11 pages of photographs

Price: 20 euros

 

Short, clipped sentences that follow and complete each other, and long, elaborate, detailed paragraphs form the rhythmic text of this page-turner that keeps the reader riveted.

Chronology follows the writer’s own tempo, seemingly random, yet, rendering a clear picture of a region that rarely sees a moment of peace and that Michael Jansen has made her home.

Hers are stories of people, places and events woven in a tapestry as intricate as the arabesques of Islamic art and as enthralling as those of Scheherazade — minus the romanticism, plus the gore, misery and injustice that have been plaguing the region for many decades.

From the early time of her writing — as a 17-year-old American writing about the 1958 Iraqi revolution after a chance encounter with Iraqi students at the University of Michigan, for The Bay City Times, at her birthplace that she “escapes” by going to Mount Holyoke College, or as she puts it, “from a small town of 60,000 in Michigan to a town with a quarter of its population in Massachusetts” — and for the next five decades, Jansen has been recording history, as a reporter. As a book writer, she blends facts with rich descriptions of people, history and nature in a measured, calm tone, careful to present the information in the most faithful way possible.

“I have tried to be in watching and listening mode and to report what I saw and heard in an effort to reflect reality and avoid perpetrating the injustice of telling it wrong,” she says in the Epilogue to her book.

She does that by corroborating information and, most importantly, by talking to people, from “worthies” to the simple man in the street, for they all have a story to tell that she is willing to listen to.

“This book is not a history of the past half-century of the Middle East, not a memoire, not an autobiography,” says the author in the Prefatory note, but just windows meant to illuminate the times, opened by journalism, providing whereabouts for eyewitness accounts of seminal or dramatic events. 

It is all these, but also more. For, it does present the history of the region’s past 50 years — in Egypt, Palestine, Lebanon, Syria, Iraq, Cyprus and more — but it also talks about older history, which makes her writing colourful, interesting and informative.

And while not exactly an autobiography, Jansen’s destiny is intrinsically tied to that of the region she has made her home since 1962, and in the course of her telling the story of the area, one also finds out about her marriage to G.H. Jansen — a former columnist, like herself, for The Jordan Times, The Economist and others — the birth of her daughter Marya and her granddaughter Elise Elin, the death of her husband, about relatives and friends, about the fact that she is, also, twice a refugee, from Lebanon and from north Cyprus, and about people that touched her life one way or another, and that help inform the reader of her life just as an autobiography would.

Moving between countries and cities in pursuit of a story, she can be seen in all big Arab and European capitals, in smaller cities the world over touched by implacable events. 

When writing, she is pushed, she says, by a stream of thought that, when it starts to flow, “finds its own course among impressions and recollections, it zig-zags, goes backward and forward, up and down, gathering force until the mind forms pictures of people, events and happenings, relevant or irrelevant”. 

To the region’s readers, the words are all relevant; they can easily identify, and re-live, events, recognise personages and have their theories — at a time labelled conspiracy theories — confirmed by subsequent findings.

To those removed from the region, or ignorant of its mostly bloody events, Jansen’s writing could easily serve as credible information and point of reference, for she digs deep when writing a story and reports impartially.

In the book, however, the stories she wrote are at times concluded with wry humour or are followed by a moral that, after evidence had been gathered, delivers cutting indictment of the perpetrators of killings and destruction, of colonisers whose lack of scruples is responsible for the evils that befell the region, of the callous rulers whose dirty politics are based on vested interests, with not a thought for the masses of people that die, lose dear ones, their homes and countries as a result, of tyrant Arab dictators and weak, fickle Arab rulers.

From the depth of history through to our times, from Cairo east and west, the book talks about hope and despair, peace and war, Arab Spring and the desolation that followed it, the rise of extremist religious thought and groupings each more gruesome than the other, about loss of life, refugeedom, bombings and lies that led to them, about an Arab world divided by factionalism, religious thought, local and foreign leaders, a heart-rending story that is interspersed with glimmers of happier and better times, with good deeds, tolerance, generosity, real understanding of the problems in the region — often present in simple citizens whose views are of no interest to policy makers — and with descriptions of nature and archaeology that somehow mollify the anger elicited by the events.

Perhaps it is no accident that the book starts in Cairo. It is the birthplace of the Arab Spring, the standard bearer of political causes often emulated by other capitals.

Rises and falls of the political fortunes of kings and presidents in the Arab world, but also events in faraway places (from the US, through Europe, on to Iran and India), intifadas, oppression and unjust occupation, peace camps and war-bent, blood-thirsty leaders, rivalries, big events and small heroic deeds find their way in Jansen’s book. It is the make up of this region that rarely sees moments of peace and prosperity, described in minute detail by an eyewitness that exhibits no bitterness, no lamentation, just a faithful rendition of events as seen from her “window”.

The book encapsulates history and events — past and present — is populated by myriad characters — friends made in the course of a rich life, acquaintances, people in high places and of more modest standing. They all play a role, have something notable to say, are part of a vast tableau created by an accomplished storyteller with astute insight and a vast network of helpful individuals.

Hospitality, cuisines, rituals, archaeology and nature also find their way in her stories, bringing moments of normalcy in a topsy-turvy world devastated by wars, uprisings, tragic political interests and games whose victims are, in most cases, innocent people.

A quote by the author, from her Epilogue, perhaps best describes her credo and professional drive: “… once in a while one or other of us grabs a grand story, a story that tells us, and our readers something exceptional…. Hopefully, in these instances we write faithfully about the actors, their cause, and their dreams.”

Jansen did just that in this exceptional book, which can be purchased from the publisher.

 

 

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