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Industrial pottery production in Ancient Jordan: Insights from Nabataean workshops at Az-Zurraba, Ayla

By - Mar 16,2025 - Last updated at Mar 16,2025

Ancient Ayla, modern day Aqaba, was one of centres for industrial production of pottery  (Photo courtesy of ACOR)

AMMAN — Industrial pottery manufacture was developed in Jordan, southern Levant, Asia Minor, Tunisia and Sardinia. There are different preconditions for a pottery production on an industrial scale-enough clay, dependable water source and fuel. 

The operation would be located a distance from residential areas leaving a large footprint of covered and uncovered areas for the different phases of production. 

"There may be evidence of clay body preparation including pits for hydrating, mixing, and settling clay. The temper in the clay body would most likely remain the same through time but there would be variability in the clay body due to the unevenness of clay sources over long periods of use," said Marie-Louise Sidoroff.

Sidoroff added that there would be large numbers of wasters in the immediate area of more than one kiln structure surrounded by open spaces for setting out pottery before and after firing.

Standardisation would be observed in vessel metrics, morphology and decoration, although structures may not survive, especially if constructed of perishable materials, an industrial operation requires a protected area to store prepared clay body, to situate potters’ work stations, and to slowly dry great numbers of vessels for a week or more before firing. 

“Also, problematical would be uncovering the remains of potter’s wheels completely made of wood, which were typically used in antiquity, with the exception of the heakick wheels when made of fired clay or stone,” Sidoroff said, noting that the presence of markets in the region to absorb large quantities of pottery justifies the presence of an industrial production workshop. 

Archaeological signatures of industrial operations are present over long periods of time at two Nabataean pottery workshops in Jordan: az-Zurraba (Petra) and Ayla (Aqaba). 

"Az-Zurraba, the longest industrial operation in Jordan, was active from the 1st to at least the 6th century AD with an abundant source of clay at Ayn at-Tinah and a spring nearby. Through Neutron Activation Analysis the clay is proven to be the main pottery production resource for fine Nabataean ceramics."

"Further signatures of an industrial operation in the area are ten kilns," Sidoroff elaborated.

 At Ayla, excavations by The Roman Aqaba Project uncovered large quantities of coarse ware pottery dating from its founding in the first century and possibly continuing into the 8th century AD. 

Abundant fuel resources are suggested at az-Zurraba, where olive residue in the kiln area was probably obtained from an olive press excavated nearby and more problematic are necessary quantities of fuel at the desert oasis of Ayla where, so far, only small charcoal samples of palm, tamarisk and acacia have been uncovered, Sidoroff elaborated.

"At az-Zurraba five stone walled rooms indicate that potters worked in the same protected location over several centuries. The layout of the rooms suggests that individual potters at az-Zurraba were grouped together to form a tightly clustered industrial complex. So far at Ayla, only one small structure associated with a kiln has been uncovered," Sidoroff explained.

She noted that there is standardisation in clay body, vessel morphology, and decoration in vessels from both industrial sites. 

At Ayla a continuity of rim form has been noted over seven centuries and beginning in the 5th AD century a new industry extended through the 7th century AD producing standardised “Ayla amphorae.”

"Ayla potters manufactured ware with a light colour exterior and mica temper and lightly coloured exteriors on amphorae are distinguishing marks of Ayla ware. The evidence from both workshops attests to markets with the capacity to absorb industrial level production, "Sidoroff underscored.

She added that the abundance of fine ware at Nabataean and commerce with the wider Mediterranean world played a role in distribution of Nabataean pottery and quantities of Ayla amphorae are found within the site and along the Red Sea littoral.

 

Deputising for King, Prince Feisal attends 117th Hashemite Scientific Council

By - Mar 15,2025 - Last updated at Mar 15,2025

AMMAN — Deputising for His Majesty King Abdullah, HRH Prince Feisal presided over the 117th Hashemite Scientific Council on Friday at the Islamic Cultural Centre, affiliated with the mosque of the late King Abdullah I.

The Hashemite Scientific Councils, held annually during the holy month of Ramadan by the Ministry of Awqaf and Islamic Affairs, address topics of significance to the Islamic world, promoting moderation and balance. 

This year’s second session featured Grand Mufti Ahmad Hasanat and  Abdel Latif Maimouni, head of the Scientific Council in Morocco. 

They discussed the well-known Hadith: "The Halal is clear, and the Haram is clear."  

The speakers highlighted the Hadith’s objectives and benefits, emphasizing its role as a fundamental principle in understanding Islamic law and preserving Islam. 

The event featured the attendance of Minister of Awqaf and Islamic Affairs Mohammad Khalaileh as well as Muslim scholars and Islamic law professors from Jordan and other Muslim countries, according to the Jordan News Agency, Petra. 

Jordan made 'significant progress' in developing entrepreneurship, innovation – World Bank

By - Mar 15,2025 - Last updated at Mar 15,2025

In its evaluation report, the World Bank has confirmed that Jordan has made “significant progress” in developing its entrepreneurship and innovation ecosystem through initiatives aimed at supporting startups, enhancing digital transformation, and integrating technology into key sectors

AMMAN — The World Bank has confirmed that Jordan has made “significant progress” in developing its entrepreneurship and innovation ecosystem through initiatives aimed at supporting startups, enhancing digital transformation, and integrating technology into key sectors. 

The World Bank noted that funding challenges remain a major barrier to the expansion of these companies.  

According to an evaluation report on the project supporting startups and small and medium enterprises (SMEs) through the Jordanian Innovation Startups and SMEs Fund (ISSF), reviewed by Al Mamlaka TV, the World Bank highlighted that Jordan’s venture capital sector has witnessed remarkable growth in recent years, making it one of the fastest-growing markets in the Middle East and North Africa.  

Between 2018 and 2022, Jordan ranked fourth in the region in terms of total venture capital funding, securing $246 million, following the United Arab Emirates ($4.4 billion), Saudi Arabia ($1.9 billion), and Egypt ($1.4 billion).  

As part of efforts to support the entrepreneurial ecosystem, Jordan launched the ISSF in 2017, playing a vital role in stimulating early-stage financing, investing strategically in local and regional venture capital funds, and providing direct support to promising startups. 

The report cited a 2023 study by the Central Bank of Jordan, which found that only 28 per cent of startups and SMEs had obtained loans from financial institutions, while 50 per cent had bank accounts, highlighting clear gaps in financial inclusion.  

Based on the successes of the ISSF’s first phase, funded by the Central Bank of Jordan and the World Bank, preparations are underway for a second phase with a proposed new funding of $50 million. 

The next phase aims to expand early-stage financing for Jordanian entrepreneurs, increase investments in startups, and leverage strategic partnerships with venture capital funds.  

As of the end of October 2024, the World Bank had disbursed $46.8 million for the project supporting innovative enterprises, accounting for 93.6 per cent of the total $50 million funding. The initiative has created more than 1,760 jobs in Jordan.  

The World Bank approved the project on 23 June 2017, and the program supporting innovative startups and SMEs was launched on 23 September 2018. It is scheduled for completion on 30 June 2025. 

The total project funding stands at $98 million which is jointly financed by the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development with $50 million and the Central Bank of Jordan with $48 million.  

The project has allocated over 82 per cent of the total investable capital within the ISSF, attracting more than $200 million in private capital through multiple fundraising rounds. It has also engaged 19 institutional investors and financed 138 companies, including 31 led by women and 60 led by young entrepreneurs.  

These resulted to the creation of over 1,760 jobs in Jordan.

Army thwarts two drug smuggling attempts using drone

By - Mar 15,2025 - Last updated at Mar 15,2025

AMMAN — The Eastern Military Zone thwarted two infiltration and drug smuggling attempts on its eastern front on Friday evening, within its area of responsibility.  

A military source from the Jordan Armed Forces – Arab Army (JAF) said that Border Guard forces, in coordination with military security agencies and the Anti-Narcotics Department, intercepted a drone attempting to smuggle crystal meth across the border.

 The drone was tracked and dealt with according to the rules of engagement, and ws downed within Jordanian territory, JAF source said. 

Also on Friday, three Syrian nationals, attempting to illegally cross into Jordan, were apprehended, the source added. 

The individuals and seized materials were handed over to the relevant authorities.  

The source reaffirmed that the JAF remain committed to utilizing all available resources to prevent infiltration and smuggling attempts, ensuring the security and stability of the Kingdom.

Weather to remain relatively hot over next few days - JMD

By - Mar 15,2025 - Last updated at Mar 15,2025

AMMAN — Relatively hot weather conditions will prevail in the Kingdom over the next few days, with temperatures exceeding seasonal averages by 10-11 Celsius, the Jordan Meteorological Department (JMD) said. 

The weather will be sunny and warm almost countrywide and relatively hot in the Jordan Valley, the Dead Sea, and Aqaba, JMD said. 

JMD said that the weather on Sunday and Monday will substantially remain unchanged.

On Tuesday, temperatures will drop slightly, but the scorcher will still blister some regions across the Kingdom, the department said. 

Princess Basma supports women-led income-generating projects

By - Mar 15,2025 - Last updated at Mar 15,2025

HRH Princess Basma, the president of the Goodwill Campaign's higher committee, on Saturday hands over financial support to women-led income-generating projects (Petra photo)

AMMAN — HRH Princess Basma, the president of the Goodwill Campaign's higher committee, on Saturday handed over financial support to women-led income-generating projects in Jordan.

 The support was given to the Creativity and Challenge Charity Association in Amman's Al Ashrafieh region, and the Skilled Hands for Empowerment Charity Association in Zarqa's Russeifeh, according to the Jordan News Agency, Petra.

At the Creativity and Challenge Charity Association, the campaign funded initiatives focused on clothing recycling, rooftop gardening and a healthy food kitchen. Meanwhile, the Skilled Hands Charity Association supported a home plumbing project by providing essential tools and materials.

During her visit, Princess Basma met with the women who run the associations and benefit from the campaign's support. She expressed her pride in the resilience of Jordanian women and their ability to turn challenges into opportunities while managing their family affairs independently.

"These projects and their success stories reflect the determination of Jordanian women to play a leading role in society, acquire new skills and improve the livelihoods of their families through sustainable, low-cost initiatives," she said. 

The princess also emphasised that such efforts contribute to greater economic independence for families and communities.

She praised the women's commitment to developing and sustaining their projects, as well as their pursuit of new business ideas in line with their ambitions. She stressed the importance of empowering women through stable employment and income-generating opportunities that improve their financial security and overall quality of life.

The Princess also reaffirmed the campaign's focus on supporting women-headed households with entrepreneurial ventures. She emphasised the role of the campaign in ensuring the sustainability and growth of these initiatives, benefiting both families and society as a whole.

Enam Akayleh, president of the Creativity and Challenge Charity Association, shared the association's journey since its establishment in 2016. She outlined its mission to promote sustainable community development through projects such as home kitchens for healthy food, initiatives for people with disabilities, clothing recycling, and rooftop gardening for both beautification and food security.

Meanwhile, Sarah Abu Hassan, President of the Skilled Hands for Empowerment Charity Association, highlighted the organisation's efforts in vocational training, including plumbing, to equip women with essential skills. She also highlighted challenges such as limited funding and the need for more training and guidance on project management and sustainability.

As part of her visit, Princess Basma toured the Al-Raja Private School for the Hearing Impaired in Ruseifeh, where she observed the educational and recreational activities organised for some 150 children from female-headed households and students. She participated in the distribution of gifts provided by the campaign, as well as food parcels for around 150 underprivileged families in the region.

The visit concluded with the Princess attending the Campaign's Ramadan Iftar, which was organised for the children and students of the school.

Jordanian food companies set to showcase quality products at IFE 2025 in London

By - Mar 15,2025 - Last updated at Mar 16,2025

Jordanian companies specialising in the food sector are set to begin their first participation in Inter- national Food and Drink Event (IFE 2025) next Monday, which is sched- uled to be held at the ExCeL International Exhibition Centre in London (Photo courtesy of IFE)

AMMAN — Jordanian companies specialising in the food sector are set to begin their first participation in International Food and Drink Event (IFE 2025) next Monday, which is scheduled to be held at the ExCeL International Exhibition Centre in London.

Jordan Exporters Association (JEA) is organising Jordan's participation in the 3-day exhibition.1,500 exhibitors from around the world are taking part, as the event is expected to attract approximately 30,000 global buyers and distributors, representing more than 105 countries, the Jordan News Agency, Petra, reported.

JEA Chairman Ahmad Khudari on Saturday said that this first participation comes within the association's strategy to promote Jordanian exports of food products and expand their presence in global markets.

Khudari added that the IFE 2025 is a "remarkable" opportunity for Jordanian companies to showcase "quality" of their products to the world and contribute to promoting Jordanian exports globally, particularly in Britain, which is witnessing a "growing" demand for international foods, especially from Arab countries.

Khudari noted that the exhibition will be an "important" platform for displaying and promoting various Jordanian products, mainly desserts, baked goods, spices, nuts, and many other food items.

On British market's multiple privileges, he referred mainly to presence of a "large" Arab community, which provides a "great" opportunity for Jordanian companies to expand their businesses and strengthen their presence in this "vital" destination, taking advantage of the free trade agreement signed between Jordan and the UK.

He noted that the exhibition provides a "unique" opportunity for Jordanian companies to network with "leading" international companies in the food sector and highlight the "high" quality of Jordan's food sector, which contributes to boosting exports and expanding their presence globally.

Khudari reiterated that Jordanian exports represent a "solution" to multiple economic challenges, as creating new markets for local products boosts production, supports industrial expansion, and attracts new investments.

In this context, he noted this effort would contribute to providing more job opportunities for Jordanians, in addition to strengthening foreign currency reserves and improving the trade balance.

According to official data, the volume of Jordan-UK trade exchange stood at someJD303 million in 2024, of which JD62 million were Jordanian exports.

Jordan Tourism Board boosts global connectivity with deals with Ryanair, Wizz Air

By - Mar 15,2025 - Last updated at Mar 15,2025

File photo of a next generation Boeing 737 belonging to the airline company Ryanair is parked on the tarmac, in Blagnac, southwestern France, July 10, 2018 (AFP photo)

AMMAN — In a significant step to bolster Jordan’s standing as a premier global tourism hub, the Jordan Tourism Board (JTB) announced agreements on Saturday with two of the world’s leading low-cost carriers, Ryanair and Wizz Air. 

The deals, which will introduce new direct flight routes to Jordan, mark a transformative leap in air connectivity between Europe and Jordan. 

This strategic move is expected to play a pivotal role in achieving the ambitious recovery targets of Jordan’s tourism industry, further solidifying its appeal as a must-visit destination. 

JTB Managing Director Abdul Razzaq Arabiyat announced that the board has signed two landmark agreements with Ryanair and Wizz Air to launch direct flights to Jordan starting in April, according to a statement for The Jordan Times. 

Under the agreements, Ryanair will operate 27 weekly flights through 14 direct routes to Amman from key European destinations, including Milan, Paris, Madrid, Rome, Vienna, Budapest, Bologna, Brussels, Bucharest, Marseille, Poznan, Pisa, Paphos, and Memmingen. 

Arabiyat highlighted that the number of passengers expected to be attracted to Jordan through the airlines is projected to reach 125,000 during the summer season, which runs from April until the end of October. 

Arabiyat further noted that Wizz Air has expanded its presence in the Jordanian market by operating six direct routes to Amman from London, Abu Dhabi, Budapest, Rome, Milan, and Vienna, in addition to three direct routes to Aqaba from Warsaw, Bucharest, and Katowice, according to the statement. 

The airline is also exploring the possibility of adding two more routes to Aqaba later this year. With passenger numbers on its flights expected to reach 145,000 annually, this expansion is set to provide a significant boost to Jordan’s tourism sector. 

Arabiyat emphasised that the return of low-cost airlines enhances Jordan’s ability to attract more tourists from European markets. 

He noted that expanding direct flight networks is a key pillar of the Jordan Tourism Board’s strategy, which aims to achieve record growth in the number of tourists visiting Jordan. He also stated that the return of low-cost airlines will result in a transformative shift in Jordan’s aviation and tourism sectors. 

"We are diligently working to expand our network of direct flights, making it easier for tourists to visit our country, which is rich in history, culture, and unique natural beauty," he said, adding that "the success we achieve today is the result of a clear vision and relentless efforts by the Jordan Tourism Board in collaboration with our local and international partners.” 

Arabiyat affirmed that this achievement will positively impact the national economy by increasing tourist numbers, boosting hotel occupancy rates, and revitalizing key sectors such as services, transportation, restaurants, and tourism facilities, the statement said. 

He added: “Today, we are not merely discussing aviation agreements; rather we are talking about a strategic project that solidifies Jordan’s position as a regional hub for tourism and travel.” 

He also pointed out that JTB continues to implement advanced marketing strategies targeting European and global markets, emphasising that enhancing air connectivity is one of the most critical factors in attracting tourists. 

He highlighted that these efforts reflect Jordan’s commitment to delivering a comprehensive and exceptional tourism experience, according to the statement. 

Arabiyat concluded, saying “We will continue, at JTB, to strengthen our collaboration with international airlines to increase direct flights, and firmly boost Jordan’s position on the global tourism map.”

 

Jordanian trade delegation to visit Baghdad to enhance economic ties

By - Mar 15,2025 - Last updated at Mar 15,2025

During a meeting with Vice Chairman of Baghdad Chamber of Commerce Raad Breij, President of the Amman Chamber of Commerce Khalil Haj Tawfiq highlights the need to activate the joint memorandum of understanding to serve both sides in building partnerships (Petra photo)

AMMAN — President of the Amman Chamber of Commerce (ACC) Khalil Haj Tawfiq said that the chamber is organising a visit for a Jordanian trade delegation to Baghdad, comprising mainly of sectors with a "strong" opportunity to enter the Iraqi market as exporters, importers, or investors.

During a meeting with Vice Chairman of Baghdad Chamber of Commerce (BCC) Raad Breij, Haj Tawfiq highlighted the need to activate the joint memorandum of understanding (MoU) to serve both sides in building partnerships, increasing trade exchange, establishing investments, and building partnerships, the Jordan News Agency, Petra, reported.

The discussions addressed inauguration of a Jordanian ACC-owned trade centre in Baghdad to serve the commercial, service, and agricultural sectors to export goods and services to the Iraqi market.

Meanwhile, Breiji said exchanging economic delegations and holding exhibitions are the "best" way to enhance trade exchange and increase investment volume, noting the need to activate the memo's provisions.

Breiji underlined the importance of exchanging additional delegations, focusing on "specialised and well-studied" sectors, and building a database, which would facilitate task of business owners in Jordan and Iraq in making decisions and developing a "clear" plan for investment, export, or import processes.

Breiji welcomed the ACC's decision to consider establishment of a trade office in the capital, Baghdad, as an "important" step to enhance bilateral economic and trade cooperation.

In this regard, he affirmed Baghdad chamber's readiness to provide any assistance or facilitation to ensure the office's success.

Breiji called on Jordanian companies to enter Iraqi market and take advantage of "available" investment opportunities and capabilities in the various housing, industry, trade, infrastructure, information technology, construction, contracting, and transportation sectors.

 

New photo book 'Between Moments' highlights Jerusalem's Old City, supports Palestinian Aid

By - Mar 15,2025 - Last updated at Mar 16,2025

AMMAN — Bashar Tabbah is a photographer based in Amman who spent years documenting archaeological sites and historical monuments in Jordan, Levant and around the world. 

After publishing "A Map and a Lens Jordan: Sights Unseen Stories Untold", "Unique and Outstanding Jordan’s World Heritage Sites", "The Noble Sanctuary "A photographic and historical exploration of Jerusalem’s Al Aqsa Mosque, and "Aloft عالياًً-textured landscapes of Jordan", Tabbah began a new photo-project and the book "Between Moments".

The book is an art-photography collection of his images showcasing modern life within the context of the old walled city of Jerusalem, it is divided into two parts: the first features images in and around the streets souqs and churches of the Old City; while the second part highlights life within the Al Aqsa Mosque complex, which occupies a large portion of the Old City.

"The contents and style of photography in the book were selected from my archive of images to reflect the humanity and enduring nature in the face of occupation of both the Jerusalemites and the city itself — a current snapshot of the quieter moments in the Old City", Tabbah underlined.

The new book will be crowd funding and it will be launched as a combination of several factors. 

"Firstly, after witnessing the endless atrocities perpetrated against the Palestinian people over the last sixteen months, I decided to do something more tangible."

"Early on I was invited to donate images to an art fundraiser and its popularity was so outstanding that I was inspired, I then encountered a wonderful photobook that donated a portion of its earnings to Gaza, once I saw the pieces fell into place and I knew what I had to do," Tabbah explained.

The photographer added that he formed a development team and delved into his archive of images, selecting photographs that depicted the Old City as he saw it: "A vibrant place filled with history, where people live out their lives despite occupation."

Tabbah continued: "A huge point of pride with this project is that everyone involved has gracefully given their time and expertise for free in order to maximise the amount of money for donation. From the designer to the editors and translators, and even the printing press has taken on a portion of the printing cost."

After securing the printing cost this has meant that 100 per cent of each book sold after that goes directly to charity.

As for the aid organisation to which the funds will be donated too, he reached out to Medical Aid for Palestine and they have gladly welcomed the project and support it.

Regarding upcoming plans Tabbah will be preoccupied with exhibition of his photographs and the book launch.

"Locally I am exhibiting a collection of my travel photography at Jasmine House till the April 6th, while I plan to do a book launch on the April 26th in collaboration with a number of organisations in Amman," the photographer said.

"As for other projects, I have several ongoing regional projects that I plan to carry out but I am currently focusing on a larger more international photography/history project based in East Asia," Tabbah underlined.

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