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Southern Levant: Landscape archaeology, social transformations in Early Bronze Age

By - Apr 08,2025 - Last updated at Apr 08,2025

The Bronze Age site Tell Deir Alla, located in central Jordan (Photo courtesy of ACOR)

AMMAN — During the mid-4th to the mid-3rd millennia Cal BC, the southern Levant saw changes in social organisation, settlement character and economy. 

Settlements became walled, megalithic funerary monuments were built and technological advancement took place. 

Such changes generally have been explained in the context of the emergence within the region of a number of regional city-states, each centred upon a walled “town”, said British scholar Graham Phillips.

“Although the present discussion is focused upon the internal dynamics of the southern Levant, it is probably no coincidence that these developments were broadly synchronous with major changes in west Asia generally,” said Philip.

“To the North, there was increasing south Mesopotamian contact with North Syria and Anatolia, a process in which the Levant was, at least peripherally, involved,” added Philip from the University of Durham.

To the south, the emergence of a state-level polity in Egypt appears to have coincided with increasing Egyptian interest in south-western Palestine, he said. 

It is hard to imagine that the kinds of changes detailed above could have taken place without corresponding modification in both the physical and conceptual landscapes inhabited by the local population, the scholar continued.

The fact that the construction of fortified settlements and major funerary monuments was coincident with a period that witnessed the substantial restructuring of agricultural practices and social organisation suggests that it should be possible to delineate the articulations between the various strands of change through a consideration of the way in which the landscape might have been implicated in these developments, the professor explained.

“The present account represents an attempt to use an approach rooted in ‘landscape archaeology’ to examine the inter-connected nature of the various developments, and thus to elucidate their combined impact without recourse to the traditional explanatory mechanism of the appearance of state organisations,” Philip elaborated.

He noted that the key notion is that landscapes are seen to be composed not simply of physical space but of culturally meaningful “places.”

“As Knapp and Ashmore point out, ‘landscape is an entity that exists by virtue of  its being perceived, experienced and contextualised by people’, and so is neither a passive  backdrop to nor a determinant of culture. 

As people’s senses of place arise from their own particular engagement with the world, notions of place are highly dependent upon individual social, cultural and historical situations,” Philip elaborated.

A community’s particular sense of place and time will play a key role in structuring the way in which they make use of the available material resources, and thus occupy and manage their environment. 

In this way landscapes can be seen to constitute social and ideological symbols which shape people’s comprehension and experience of the world, Philip explained.

The scholar added that humans do not inhabit a neutral geometric space but rather “experiential landscapes”, shaped by beliefs and values and perceived as they move, in the pursuance of their daily activities, through a network of places connected by pathways and routes.

“This is what Barrett has termed people’s ‘routine occupancy’ of the landscape,” he added. 

“From this standpoint, it is clear that constructional activity, and other physical modifications to the landscape, such as those consequent upon changing agricultural practices, will create new places, even new kinds of places, and modify existing ones. As a result, the network of routes and patterns of movement will change,” Philip underscored.

In this way, human activity transforms not just the physical landscape, but also the way in which it is experienced, both through modified places and changing patterns of movement. 

As people transform physical spaces into meaningful places through their daily engagement with the material world, the major changes in the nature and organisation of economic activity during the EBA, much of which required direct manipulation of the physical environment, would surely have had a significant impact upon the manner in which “places” were created and understood, the professor concluded.

King, presidents of Egypt, France discuss Gaza in call with US president

By - Apr 07,2025 - Last updated at Apr 07,2025

AMMAN — His Majesty King Abdullah, Egypt President Abdul Fattah Al Sisi, and France President Emmanuel Macron held a joint phone call with US President Donald Trump on Monday.

During the call, held on the margins of the trilateral summit in Cairo, the three leaders discussed with President Trump ways to urgently secure a ceasefire in the Gaza Strip, according to a Royal Court statement. 

The three leaders underlined the need to immediately resume full access for the delivery of humanitarian aid and the release of all the hostages and detainees.

They also emphasised the need to create conducive conditions for a political horizon and mobilise international efforts to end the suffering of the Palestinian people, restore security and peace for all, and implement the two-state solution.

The three leaders and President Trump decided to remain in close coordination.

The phone call also covered the importance of accelerating peace efforts in Ukraine, consistent with international security and stability.

 

Global Disability Summit concludes with 'commitments' for inclusion

By - Apr 07,2025 - Last updated at Apr 07,2025

Persons with disabilities, who make up 15 per cent of the global population, are often left out of development projects (Photo courtesy of the Global Disability Summit)

AMMAN — The third Global Disability Summit concluded on Thursday in Berlin with "tangible commitments" to advance disability inclusion. 

Persons with disabilities, who make up 15 per cent of the global population, approximately 1.3 billion people, are often left out of development projects. 

In response to this gap and the backdrop of shrinking aid for inclusion, the summit introduced a new goal: ensuring that at least 15 per cent of development projects at the country level focus on disability inclusion. 

This target is captured in the Amman-Berlin Declaration, which has been adopted by over 80 governments and organisations, according to a statement for The Jordan Times.

Throughout the Summit, over 800 commitments were made by governments, private sector organisations, and development actors to enhance accessibility and meaningful participation for persons with disabilities. 

Co-hosted by the German Development Ministry, Jordan, and the International Disability Alliance (IDA), the summit brought together 4,500 participants from nearly 100 countries, including persons with disabilities, government representatives and civil society leaders. 

Over the course of more than 60 sessions, discussions focused on strengthening the implementation of the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) and ensuring that commitments lead to actionable change.

At the opening ceremony, the Federal Chancellor of Germany Olaf Scholz reaffirmed Germany’s commitment to disability inclusion, especially in a time when countries are cutting down on their inclusion funding. 

The chancellor committed to the 15 per cent target and announced a joint initiative on inclusive education with Jordan.

His Majesty King Abdullah called for ongoing commitment and action to ensure that all individuals can live with dignity, happiness and hope, stressing that inclusion is not merely about accessibility, but it is also about recognising the inherent potential in every human being and creating environments where everyone can contribute, the statement said.

IDA President Nawaf Kabbara stressed that true disability inclusion cannot be achieved unless Organisations of Persons with Disabilities (OPDs) are at the table where funding decisions are made, stressing that inclusion must be “with” OPDs, not “for” OPDs.

The Amman-Berlin Declaration sets a target that at least 15 per cent of development projects be specifically designed to promote disability inclusion.

Currently, only 6 per cent of development projects directly contribute to this goal. 

German Development Minister Svenja Schulze noted that development policy can only succeed when all stakeholders collaborate, highlighting that the Amman-Berlin Declaration is a global commitment, not just a promise from donor countries. 

She highlighted that true inclusion benefits not only the 15 per cent of people with disabilities, but society as a whole.

Several key initiatives were also announced during the summit. 

The UK’s Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office committed to launching an Assistive Technology Investment Vehicle through the AT2030 programme, aiming to raise $60 million by 2026, while co-chairing the Global Action on Disability Network to foster global partnerships for disability inclusion. 

UNICEF committed to allocating 10 per cent of its annual budget to children with disabilities by 2030, expanding data collection, and scaling inclusive education and protection systems in 50 countries. 

IDA pledged to strengthen OPDs in over 100 countries to influence policy, launch a leadership programme for 80 young persons with disabilities, and partner with the UN Global Disability Fund to advance the implementation of the CRPD in 50 countries.

In Jordan, 88 national organisations, including government bodies, civil society, academia, media, and the private sector, made 133 commitments to promote the rights of persons with disabilities. 

During a dedicated session, Minister of Education Azmi Mahafzah announced five strategic, rights-based commitments, including a JD90-million investment by the Association of Banks in Jordan, banks operating in the country, the Ministry of Education, the Ministry of Health, and the Higher Council for the Rights of Persons with Disabilities to enhance inclusive education and health services, and transform 250 public schools. 

These pledges highlight Jordan’s strong commitment to dignity, equality and the full participation of persons with disabilities, according to the statement.

A new partnership between Germany and the African Union was announced to strengthen organisations of persons with disabilities across Africa, with a focus on youth and women.

The multilateral education initiative Education Cannot Wait will collaborate with Germany, the UK, IDA, and the Girls’ Education Challenge to improve data collection and accountability for inclusive education in crisis-affected regions by 2028.

Joint communiqué released at conclusion of Cairo trilateral summit between Jordan, Egypt, and France

Jordanian-Egyptian-French communiqué calls for return to ceasefire, entry of humanitarian aid into the war-torn Strip, release of all hostages, detainees

By - Apr 07,2025 - Last updated at Apr 07,2025

The trilateral summit held by His Majesty King Abdullah, Egypt President Abdul Fattah Al Sisi, and France President Emmanuel Macron in Cairo on Monday issues a joint communiqué that calls for an immediate return to the ceasefire, the entry of humanitarian aid into the war-torn Strip and the implementation of the 19 January exchange deal guaranteeing the release of all hostages and detainees (Photo courtesy of Royal Court)

AMMAN — A joint communiqué was released at the conclusion of the trilateral summit held by His Majesty King Abdullah, Egypt President Abdul Fattah Al Sisi, and France President Emmanuel Macron in Cairo on Monday.

Following is the communiqué:

“Joint Jordanian-Egyptian-French Communiqué at the Conclusion of the Cairo Trilateral Summit

The leaders of Egypt, France and Jordan held a trilateral summit in Cairo on Monday, 7 April 2025, on the grave situation in Gaza.

In the context of the resumption of Israeli military strikes on Gaza, they called for an immediate return to the ceasefire, for the sake of the Palestinians to be protected and receive immediate and full humanitarian aid. They called for the implementation of the 19 January exchange deal guaranteeing the release of all hostages and detainees and ensuring security for all. Protection of civilians and humanitarian personnel as well as full access for the delivery of aid is an obligation under international law and international humanitarian law, and must be upheld, according to a Royal Court statement. 

The leaders expressed alarm at the increasingly deteriorating situation in the West Bank and East Jerusalem and urged a stop to all unilateral measures that undermine the viability of the two-state solution and increase tensions. They also urged respect for the historical status quo at Jerusalem’s holy sites.

The leaders expressed their rejection of the displacement of Palestinians from their land or any annexation of any Palestinian territory.

In this regard, the leaders called for an international endorsement of the reconstruction plan for Gaza adopted by the Arab Summit held in Cairo on 4 March, as well as by the Organisation for Islamic Cooperation on 7 March, and discussed its effective implementation when it comes to security and governance. Leaders underlined that governance and maintaining order and security in Gaza, as well as in all Palestinian territory, shall come solely under the authority of an empowered Palestinian National Authority, with strong regional and international support. They expressed their readiness to assist in this prospect, in coordination with partners, the statement said. 

They reiterated the need to articulate these efforts at the June conference to be chaired by France and Saudi Arabia, so as to build a clear political horizon for the implementation of the two-state solution.

They expressed support for the Gaza reconstruction conference that will be held soon in Cairo.

His Majesty King Abdullah and French President Emmanuel Macron thanked Egyptian President Abdul Fattah Al Sisi for convening this meeting.”

Jordan attracts$1.637b worth of foreign direct investments in 2024

By - Apr 07,2025 - Last updated at Apr 07,2025

Jordan attracts net foreign direct investment (FDI) of $1.637 billion in 2024, accounting for 3.1 per cent of the Kingdom's gross domestic product (GDP), according to preliminary balance of payments data (JT file)

AMMAN — Jordan recorded net foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows of $1.637 billion in 2024, accounting for 3.1 per cent of the Kingdom's gross domestic product (GDP), according to preliminary balance of payments data. 

Arab countries were the dominant source, contributing 64.8 per cent of total FDI. The Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries alone led the way with 32.5 per cent, with Kuwait emerging as the top investor with 9.1 per cent. Saudi Arabia followed with 8.2 per cent, the United Arab Emirates with 7.1 per cent and Qatar with 4.5 per cent.

European countries accounted for 21.4 per cent of total inflows. The United Kingdom led with 8.3 per cent, while EU countries contributed 7.1 per cent. Within the bloc, France stood out with 3.8 per cent of the total, the Jordan News Agency, Petra, reported.

Non-Arab Asian countries accounted for 5.2 per cent of investment flows, mainly driven by India at 2.6 per cent and China at 2.4 per cent, while the remaining 8.7 per cent originated from various other countries.

In terms of sectors, finance and insurance attracted the most investment with 23.4 per cent of total inflows. Information and communication followed with 10 per cent, while mining and quarrying attracted 9.1 per cent, transport and storage 8.4 per cent, wholesale and retail trade 7.7 per cent and manufacturing 7.6 per cent.

Real estate remained a strong attraction for foreign investors, with non-Jordanian individuals investments in land and real estate accounting for 19.1 per cent of the year's total FDI.

 

Jordan marks World Health Day with 'commitment' to inclusive healthcare

By - Apr 07,2025 - Last updated at Apr 07,2025

Director of the Human Rights Unit at the Prime Ministry Khalil Abdallat says that the World Health Day emphasises His Majesty King Abdullah's strategic focus on improving the Kingdom's healthcare sector (Petra photo)

AMMAN — On the occasion of the World Health Day, celebrated this year with the theme: "My health, my right," Director of the Human Rights Unit at the Prime Ministry Khalil Abdallat on Monday highlighted Jordan's strong commitment to creating an inclusive and fair healthcare system. 

Abdallat noted that the World Health Day emphasises His Majesty King Abdullah's strategic focus on improving the Kingdom's healthcare sector, which is essential for national development and societal well-being, the Jordan News Agency, Petra, reported.  

"We have consistently worked to enhance infrastructure, broaden the reach of services, and ensure comprehensive care for all, especially for vulnerable groups," he said.

He pointed out that Jordan has become a "leader" in the region when it comes to healthcare delivery and expertise, thanks to "advanced" facilities and a "highly" skilled workforce.

"Following the King's vision, the government is actively modernising the healthcare system through reforms that improve service accessibility, staff training, and focus on preventive care, with particular attention to maternal and child health," Abdallat added.

He noted that Jordan’s National Health Strategy focuses on improving service quality, effective governance, strong health information systems, and ensuring universal healthcare access, where this strategy aligns with broader national plans for economic and administrative modernisation.

Abdallat also underscored Jordan's active role in health diplomacy. 

"By forming strategic partnerships with organisations such as the WHO, UNICEF, and UNHCR, Jordan has become a regional centre for health expertise," he said. 

"We are dedicated to training medical professionals across the region and operating field hospitals in conflict zones, reflecting our belief in the universal right to health," Abdallat noted.

He highlighted Jordan's leadership in providing healthcare to refugees, a role that is further strengthened through international cooperation. 

"Our field hospitals in Gaza and the West Bank stand as symbols of our commitment to vulnerable populations and our advocacy for regional peace," Abdallat said.

He said that Jordan remains dedicated to aligning its healthcare laws with international human rights standards.

Abdallat referred to agreements such as the International Covenant on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights, the Convention on the Rights of the Child, the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women, and the Sustainable Development Goals, especially Goal 3, which focuses on health and well-being.

CARC introduces amendments for drone use, operation

By - Apr 07,2025 - Last updated at Apr 07,2025

These new rules, based on the Civil Aviation Law of 2007, aim to streamline the licensing, manufacturing and operation of drones (Petra photo)

AMMAN — In a move to modernise airspace regulations and foster technological advancement, the Civil Aviation Regulatory Commission (CARC) has introduced amended guidelines for the use and operation of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), commonly known as drones, effective in 2025.

These new rules, based on the Civil Aviation Law of 2007, aim to streamline the licensing, manufacturing and operation of drones, the Jordan News Agency, Petra, reported. 

Amendments aim to create a "robust" legal and security framework that both protects national security and unlocks the economic potential of drone technology.

The amended regulations will allow drones to be used in various sectors, including tourism marketing, agricultural monitoring, delivery services and logistics.

Licenses will also be available for drone manufacturing, sales, and maintenance, opening up "significant" investment opportunities for local and international businesses.

Experts see this as a "key" step in the Kingdom's push towards a digital economy, with the ICT sector playing a "crucial" role in job creation and economic growth.

This initiative reflects HRH Crown Prince Hussein's vision for a digitally transformed Jordan, enhances public services and aligns with the Economic Modernisation Vision's targets to increase the revenues of the ICT sector to JD3.9 billion, create 101,000 new IT jobs, and raise the volume of exports to JD4.5 billion by 2033.

CARC highlighted that these regulations will boost the national economy by creating jobs in manufacturing, maintenance, training, and logistics, and will also foster a dynamic digital and startup environment in the Kingdom.

The integration of drones into agriculture and industry is expected to improve efficiency and reduce operational costs, particularly in large infrastructure projects and surveying and monitoring.

These regulatory amendments are expected to transform Jordan's drone sector, creating an attractive investment climate and establishing secure and flexible operational standards for businesses and individuals, ultimately contributing to the Kingdom's economic and digital development goals.

 

AECID, Jordan, partners launch 3rd gender-based violence awareness campaign

By - Apr 07,2025 - Last updated at Apr 07,2025

The campaign is part of the broader three-year initiative “No Silence, No Tolerance”, which focuses on combating gender-based violence across Jordan (Photo by Ahmed Khlifat)

AMMAN — The Spanish Agency for International Development Cooperation (AECID), in partnership with the European Union, UNFPA, and several Jordanian organisations, on Monday in Amman launched the third national awareness campaign titled “Her Life Without Violence, Her Future Without Fear”.

The campaign is part of the broader three-year initiative “No Silence, No Tolerance”, which focuses on combating gender-based violence (GBV) across Jordan.

It aims to improve awareness of available services for survivors, with a particular focus on reaching women and girls in host and refugee communities.

Speaking to The Jordan Times, Spanish Ambassador to Jordan Miguel de Lucas González said that the initiative runs from 2022 to 2025, with 4 million euros in funding from the European Union.

It currently operates in six governorates: Amman, Irbid, Zarqa, Karak, Tafileh and Aqaba. 

So far, according to the ambassador, the campaign has reached over 10.67 million people through mass media, digital platforms and direct awareness sessions. 

Around 87.6 per cent of those reached were women, while 12.5 per cent were men, the ambassador said. 

More than 5,200 individuals have received direct support services, psychological, legal, and shelter assistance, with 85.4 per cent of them being women, including Jordanians, Syrians, and people from other nationalities.

“In Spain, we truly believe gender equality is one of the pillars of foreign policy,” said González. 

He praised Jordan’s continued efforts in fighting violence against women and girls while stressing the need for continuous action. “This is a battle we must fight every day.”

The launch event was attended by several high-profile figures, including González, Mary Horvers from the EU Delegation to Jordan, UNFPA Representative in Jordan Himyar Abdulmoghni and Secretary-General of the Ministry of Social Development Barq Dmoor.

In his opening remarks, González highlighted Spain’s commitment to gender equality and praised the EU’s vital support in this field. 

“Spain is very proud to have a feminist cooperation feminist cooperation, which prioritises gender equality and supports efforts to end violence against women and girls (VAWG). 

He said that one in three women worldwide experiences some form of violence, physical, emotional or sexual violence in her lifetime.

In Jordan, over 25 per cent of women have reported experiencing violence, often from someone close to them, he added.

Horvers reaffirmed the EU’s dedication to ending GBV, stressing that the issue affects all communities, not just Jordanians, Syrians, or Palestinians. “Violence touches everyone.” 

She expressed sadness that in 2025 there is still a need to have campaigns to raise awareness on all the negative impacts that violence has on women and girls worldwide.

Abdulmoghni, in his remarks, pointed to the findings of a national study on the economic cost of violence against women, which was completed in 2024 in collaboration with the Jordanian National Commission for Women. 

The study revealed that only 5.2 per cent of GBV-related spending goes to prevention, awareness, and policy support, urging a stronger focus on early intervention and behavioural change.

Another joint study by UNFPA and AECID found that hearing success stories from survivors motivates others to seek help.

 Abdulmoghni also highlighted government efforts, in partnership with national bodies and local institutions, in establishing comprehensive mechanisms for prevention, protection and support, which have shown progress. 

“The 2023 Population and Family Health Survey indicates that help-seeking among survivors has increased to 34 per cent, up from 19 per cent in 2017–2018,” he said.

Dmoor underlined the ministry’s role in building a culture that refuses violence and supports women’s full integration into society.

In an interview with the Jordan Times, Regional Programme Manager of Euromed Feminist Initiative IFE-EFI Mais Afaneh pointed out a key issue: The lack of a comprehensive national system to track the full number of women affected by violence.

“Many women refrain from reporting on any cases of violence that they suffer from,” she said, adding: “Some don’t even realise they’re experiencing violence because there are several types and physical violence is the only one that is visible.”

Afaneh noted that violence goes beyond physical harm. It includes psychological, emotional, verbal and economic abuse. Her organisation has handled many cases where women are denied labour rights, inheritance or suffer abuse within the family or workplace.

She added that official data only captures a fraction of the issue. "Only 13 per cent of married women report abuse by their spouses”.

The launch conference brought together over 130 participants, including MPs, government institutions, embassies, civil society organisations, the media, community-based groups and universities.

Senate president, EU official discuss cooperation, regional developments

By - Apr 07,2025 - Last updated at Apr 07,2025

Senate President Faisal Fayez on Monday meets with Rapporteur of the European Parliament’s Foreign Affairs Committee and the official in charge of the Jordan file within the Renew Europe Group Malik Azmani (Petra photo)

AMMAN — Senate President Faisal Fayez on Monday met with Rapporteur of the European Parliament’s Foreign Affairs Committee and the official in charge of the Jordan file within the Renew Europe Group Malik Azmani.

The meeting focused on strengthening relations between Jordan and the EU, with discussions spanning political, economic, and parliamentary cooperation, as well as the ongoing Israeli aggression in Gaza and the occupied West Bank, the Jordan News Agency, Petra, reported. 

Fayez underscored the historic and strategic nature of Jordan-EU ties, rooted in mutual respect and shared interests. He also reiterated Jordan’s commitment, under the leadership of His Majesty King Abdullah, to advancing cooperation with the EU across various sectors.

He also expressed appreciation for the EU’s continued support for Jordan’s development and its assistance in mitigating the impact of regional crises on the Kingdom’s economy. He also welcomed the European Parliament’s recent approval of an aid package to Jordan, stressing the importance of deepening economic partnership to reinforce Jordan’s stabilising role in the region and contribute to stopping the Israeli war.

Highlighting the pressures Jordan faces, Fayez noted the Kingdom’s status as the world’s largest refugee-hosting country. He emphasised that Jordan shoulders the burden of the Syrian refugee crisis largely alone, warning that it cannot continue providing essential services without increased international support for its Syrian Crisis Response Plan, developed in coordination with international partners.

On the situation in Gaza, Fayez warned of the grave humanitarian and political consequences of continued Israeli aggression. He also strongly condemned what he described as Israel’s policy of extermination, ethnic cleansing, and forced displacement of Palestinians, calling such practices unacceptable by all moral, legal, and humanitarian standards.

He urged the European Parliament and the international community to take effective action to end the war, and called for the revival of a credible political process aimed at ending the occupation and preventing further escalation.

Fayez also highlighted His Majesty’s ongoing diplomatic efforts to secure a ceasefire and ensure the uninterrupted delivery of humanitarian aid to Gaza. He also called on the EU and its parliamentary institutions to continue supporting these efforts, reiterating that the only viable path to lasting peace lies in a two-state solution based on international resolutions.

For his part, Azmani reaffirmed the European Parliament’s commitment to supporting Jordan economically and financially, commending the Kingdom’s resilience in the face of regional challenges. He also commended the King’s leadership and Jordan’s active role in promoting peace, facilitating humanitarian access, and advocating for a ceasefire in Gaza.

 

‘Greater Jerusalem’ settlement project threatens city's demographics

Rifai warns of Israeli plan to displace 150,000 Jerusalemites

By - Apr 07,2025 - Last updated at Apr 07,2025

Jerusalem Governorate Advisor Marouf Rifai says on Monday that Israel's "Greater Jerusalem" project is one of the most perilous settlement projects threatening the city's future (JT file)

AMMAN — Jerusalem Governorate Advisor Marouf Rifai said on Monday that Israel's "Greater Jerusalem" project is one of the most perilous settlement projects threatening the city's future.

In a statement to  Al Mamlaka TV,  Rifai pointed out " that the project involves three massive blocs: "Gush Etzion," which includes 14 settlements in the southwest of Jerusalem; the "Ma'ale Adumim" bloc, which consists of 8 settlements extending from eastern Jerusalem to the Jordan Valley; and the "Givat Ze'ev" bloc, which includes 5 settlements located in the northwestern part of Jerusalem.

Rifai stressed that the Israeli occupation aims to forcibly expel 150,000 Jerusalemites who hold residency rights but live behind the separation wall. "These residents would be replaced by 150,000 settlers, shifting the demographic balance in favor of the Jewish population, which would make up 88 per cent of the city's inhabitants, compared with 12 per cent Palestinians. Currently, Arabs represent 39 per cent of the population in the holy city, while Jews comprise 61 per cent."

In the first quarter of 2025, the Israeli authorities approved three new settlement projects, initiated work on two previously approved projects, and completed one earlier project, he added.

Rifai also noted that during this period, the Jerusalem Governorate continued to witness grave violations committed by Israeli forces against Palestinians, including extrajudicial killings, arrests, imprisonment orders, demolitions, eviction and deportation orders, house arrests, and daily incursions into the Al Aqsa Mosque.

According to a report issued by the Jerusalem Governorate, 13,064 settlers stormed the Al Aqsa Mosque under the protection of Israeli forces in the first quarter of this year. Additionally, 12,134 others entered the mosque under the pretext of "tourism." The settlers carried out provocative tours and performed Talmudic rituals in various areas of the mosque, violating the sanctity of the holy site.

The Israeli forces also escalated their repression of worshippers with unprecedented measures, he said, adding that they stormed the Mosque by force, compelling worshippers to leave under the threat of gunfire.

According to the report, 239 Jerusalemites were arrested during the first quarter of 2025, including 22 women and 18 children.

During the same period, the Israeli authorities carried out 91 demolition and bulldozing operations, including 26 cases of forced self-demolition, where Jerusalemites were compelled to demolish their own homes to avoid hefty fines. 

Additionally, 53 demolitions were carried out by occupation machinery, and 12 bulldozing operations targeted Palestinian lands and streets under the pretext of unauthorised construction. 

These actions were compounded by severe restrictions on obtaining building permits, making it nearly impossible for Jerusalemites to build legally, the reporter said.

 

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