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Climate crisis threatens cultural heritage in Middle East — Scholars

By - Apr 16,2025 - Last updated at Apr 16,2025

The mosaic floor of the Byzantine church in Jerash (Photo courtesy of ACOR)

 

AMMAN — The climate crisis directly impacts cultural heritage in the Middle East and it will continue to affect historical monuments and sites in the coming decades.

Two recent collections of studies authored by archaeologists demonstrate a growing awareness of the situation, especially as it pertains to coastal and inland river flooding’s impact on cultural heritage sites, noted Professor Benjamin Porter from Berkeley University.

The professor added that the authors stress the need to work with various publics, from government policymakers to community stewards and stakeholders, to mitigate the emerging crisis. 

"Nearly all of these studies are based in the so-called developed world—North America, Europe, Japan and Australia—and, notably, none are concerned with the Middle East,” he said.

“How then should one start to think about the practice of Middle Eastern archaeology within the context of the region’s climate crisis? Rather than begin with the discipline’s instinct to 'preserve' and 'protect' the archaeological record," asked Porter.

Middle Eastern archaeology in the 19th and early 20th century was directly influenced by European scholar and European imperialism and colonialism.

Since World War Two, archaeology has continuously benefitted from European, North American, and now East Asian interests in the Middle East’s carbon resources. Critics continue to describe Middle Eastern archaeology as a neo-colonialist enterprise that extracts evidence for Western research priorities under the guise of ethical “salvaging” of global cultural heritage, the professor explained.

Porter noted that this critique is not entirely fair, of course—some of archaeology’s most important contributions to the governments that host their research is the discovery and documentation of monuments on which national cultural heritage and tourism destinations are based. 

"However, even if these contributions are viewed positively, they also serve as reminders that Middle Eastern archaeology is not and has never been a neutral bystander in the region’s local and national politics.”

“Invoking archaeology’s historical legacy while reflecting on the climate crisis is important as it situates archaeological practice, regardless of the position of its practitioners, within a systemic regime that has already proved harmful to Middle Eastern societies. Setting aside the visible well-documented examples of archaeologists who contributed their research to the region’s ethno-national narratives," Porter elaborated.

Archaeological practice can create tacit inequities despite the well-intentioned motives of researchers. For instance, local communities that live adjacent to cultural heritage sites often receive very limited benefits beyond seasonal labour and small business patronage despite their participation in the research and site interpretation process, according to Allison Mickel. 

In some instances, in fact, archaeological research and site development projects have displaced entire communities in the name of preservation and security, such as the relocation of families living in or alongside the archaeological sites of Umm Qais and Petra in northern and southern Jordan, respectively.

"Growing awareness of the negative impacts that Middle Eastern communities can experience have led archaeologists to develop more ethically engaged sensibilities and practices in their research programmes," Porter said.

To do so, they have drawn on community archaeology models that consider local groups as stakeholders in the documentation and interpretation of cultural heritage. 

Indeed, these collaborative programmes have grown common in archaeological practice around the work, especially in North American and Australian projects that bring indigenous communities together with archaeologists to achieve shared goals.

"Over the past two decades in the Middle East, archaeologists have adopted community archaeology as a framework that can potentially reverse the discipline’s imperialist and colonialist legacy. Despite early enthusiasm for the approach, collaborative and community archaeology programs have not been widely adopted. Only a handful of projects have risen in visibility," Porter said.

The professor noted that this brief autopsy of community archaeology in the Middle East is key because it is likely the local rural and suburban communities that live alongside archaeological sites that stand to be the most affected by changing climate conditions.

"Rural communities who are responsible for supplying a significant portion of the region’s food supply will be stressed by warming conditions, erratic winter weather patterns, and increased erosion of valuable soils,” the professor said. 

“Archaeological projects, regardless of the extent to which they collaborate with host communities in their research, remain dependent on communities and their businesses for basic services," Porter underscored.

 

‘When it comes to Jordan's security, we are all its soldiers and guardians’ — Hassan

Prime minister hails security agencies’ vigilance, efforts in protecting national security

By - Apr 16,2025 - Last updated at Apr 16,2025

AMMAN — Prime Minister Jafar Hassan on Wednesday voiced the government's pride and appreciation for the General Intelligence Department, the Jordanian Armed Forces and the security agencies and their roles in defending the Kingdom against internal and external threats.

Speaking during a Cabinet meeting, Hassan stressed that protecting Jordan from conflict and sedition is a shared national duty, reiterating that loyalty must be to the Kingdom alone.

"When it comes to Jordan's security, we are all its soldiers and guardians. There is no place for loyalty to anything or anyone outside Jordan, or for militias that threaten its security and stability."

The prime minister also highlighted the Kingdom's strategic vision, which is based on a comprehensive modernisation project to ensure a more prosperous and resilient future.

Hassan's comments came shortly after his return from an official visit to the US. Reflecting on the trip, he said Jordan enjoys great respect and esteem in Washington and around the world, due to the leadership of His Majesty King Abdullah.

"His Majesty is seen as a voice of wisdom and moderation, with a deep understanding of the region's challenges and the ways to address them," Hassan said.

Describing the visit as "constructive and fruitful", the prime minister said the meetings in Washington underscored the depth of the historic and strategic partnership between Jordan and the US, particularly in the economic and investment fields.

He cited to the US-Jordan Free Trade Agreement, now more than two decades old, as a key pillar of this relationship, noting that it has significantly expanded trade and economic cooperation. “Jordan is eager to build on this momentum and expand the scope of cooperation.”

"There is a clear American commitment to supporting Jordan and recognising its pivotal role in the region," Hassan said. "We will continue our ongoing dialogue and partnership with our American counterparts to strengthen our mutual interests."

On regional issues, Hassan said his discussions in Washington focused primarily on the ongoing war in Gaza, adding he reiterated, during the talks, Jordan's position on the need for an immediate ceasefire, the unaltered delivery of humanitarian aid to the besieged Strip, and efforts to support the Palestinians in remaining on their land.

Hassan added that the visit builds on the recent meeting between the King and US President Donald Trump, stressing that Jordan remains committed to strengthening bilateral cooperation in ways that advance mutual interests of both countries and promote regional stability.

Arab League condemns plots against Jordan, affirms full solidarity

By - Apr 16,2025 - Last updated at Apr 16,2025

The Arab League on Wednesday reaffirms its full support for Jordan and its efforts to safeguard national security and stability in the face of any attempts to incite chaos or acts of sabotage (JT file)

AMMAN — The Arab League on Wednesday reaffirmed its full support for Jordan and its efforts to safeguard national security and stability in the face of any attempts to incite chaos or acts of sabotage.

Arab League Secretary-General Ahmed Aboul Gheit commended  the vigilance and professionalism of Jordan’s security agencies in swiftly thwarting plots aimed at destabilising the Kingdom by exploiting current regional circumstances and sowing discord and unrest, , the Jordan News Agency, Petra, reported.

Also on Wednesday, Speaker of the Arab Parliament Mohammed bin Ahmed Yamahi condemned the plots aimed at undermining Jordan’s security and stability. 

He commended the vigilance and high competence of Jordan’s security agencies in confronting and successfully thwarting these subversive schemes.

Yamahi affirmed the Arab Parliament’s full solidarity with Jordan in all measures it takes to preserve its security and stability and to confront any threat to the safety and well-being of the Kingdom.

He emphasised that Jordan’s security is an essential component of Arab national security, expressing prayers for the continued safety, stability, and prosperity of Jordan and its people.

 

National institutions voice support after security threat neutralised by GID

By - Apr 16,2025 - Last updated at Apr 16,2025

AMMAN — The General Intelligence Department (GID) has recently announced the successful foiling of a plot aimed at undermining national security, inciting chaos, and committing acts of sabotage within the Kingdom. 

The announcement has sparked a wave of solidarity from institutions across the country.

Association of Banks in Jordan Chairman Basem Khalil Salem emphasised in a statement to The Jordan Times that national security is not just a slogan but a deep-rooted commitment and a pillar of Jordan’s identity.

“Our position is not situational, it stems from a deep belief that the security of Jordan is the essence of our existence, and upholding the rule of law is a red line,” Salem said, condemning any attempts to destabilise the country. He also reaffirmed the banking sector’s ongoing role in maintaining the Kingdom’s stability.

Echoing this sentiment, the HIMAM coalition of Jordanian civil society organisations expressed its full support for national security during the celebration of National Flag Day on April 16.

In a statement to The Jordan Times, HIMAM said its members take great pride in Jordan’s accomplishments and stand united in defence of the nation’s safety and stability, calling national security “an inviolable red line”. The coalition also underscored the importance of reinforcing national unity, ensuring fair judicial proceedings, and upholding the rule of law.

Labour unions also joined in expressing their solidarity. The Jordan Press Association also welcomed the GID’s announcement, commending the professionalism and coordinated efforts of Jordan’s security and military agencies in protecting the Kingdom’s sovereignty.

On social media, citizens across the country voiced their appreciation for the unity shown by Jordan’s security forces and national institutions, underscoring that safeguarding the Kingdom’s sovereignty remains a shared and unwavering priority.

 

'More than a million Palestinians detained since 1967'

By - Apr 16,2025 - Last updated at Apr 16,2025

A view of the Old City of Jerusalem (JT file photo)

AMMAN — Royal Committee for Jerusalem Affairs Secretary-General Abdullah Kanaan said on Wednesday that the issue of Palestinian prisoners symbolises the Palestinian people's suffering, with more than a million Palestinians having been arrested and imprisoned since 1967, according to a United Nations report.

He said in a statement to mark Palestinian Prisoners' Day that after more than 555 days of Israel's genocidal war on the Gaza Strip, over 10,000 prisoners, including those from occupied East Jerusalem, were held in Israeli prisons, the Jordan News Agency, Petra, reported. 

"Prisoners are held in abysmal humanitarian and dangerous conditions, especially after "racist" legislation by far-right Israeli cabinet minister Itamar Ben-Gvir, which was passed by the Knesset, under which more than 60 prisoners have died in Israeli jails since October 2023," he added.

The figure is a testimony of the brutality of the occupation authority, he said, adding that despite Israel's release of some prisoners, the deteriorating health conditions and signs of torture on their frail bodies is "a reiteration of the brutal colonialism that is in disregard of international laws and organizations and human rights and dignity."

On this occasion, he said, the Royal Committee for Jerusalem Affairs sends a message to international public opinion urging support for the Palestinian people, who are all prisoners living in dire conditions with accelerating Israeli violations and attacks in the full absence of international organisations that are engaged with other issues and conflicts.

He said the occupation authority is fighting international relief and human rights organisations in Palestine, including the closure and evacuation of UNRWA headquarters and denying human rights workers access to Israeli jails.

Kanaan said Jordan, the custodian of Islamic and Christian holy sites in Jerusalem, will remain a steadfast supporter of the Palestinians.

 

FAO, Mu’tah University launch women-led climate adaptation initiative

By - Apr 16,2025 - Last updated at Apr 16,2025

The Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations (FAO) in Jordan, in cooperation with Mu’tah University, on Wednesday celebrates the graduation of a group of ‘Climate Wise Women Agents’ (CWWAs) (Photo courtesy of FAO)

AMMAN — The Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations (FAO) in Jordan, in cooperation with Mu’tah University, on Wednesday celebrated the graduation of a group of “Climate Wise Women Agents” (CWWAs), who completed a six-month training programme on climate change adaptation.

The training is part of an agreement between FAO and Mu’tah University under the $33.25 million project, “Building Resilience to Cope with Climate Change in Jordan through Improving Water Use Efficiency in the Agriculture Sector” (BRCCJ). 

The project is funded by the Green Climate Fund (GCF) and implemented by FAO in cooperation with the ministries of Water and Irrigation, Agriculture, Environment, and the UN Development Programme (UNDP), according to a FAO statement. 

The eight graduates, female agricultural engineers, are now certified trainers who will go on to empower 400 women across the governorates of Karak, Madaba, Tafileh, and Ma’an, enabling them to better adapt to the impacts of climate change, support their families, and promote sustainable development in their communities.

Speaking at the ceremony, FAO Representative in Jordan Nabil Assaf said: “FAO is investing in women as drivers of change. One of our most important initiatives is the BRCCJ project, which includes establishing a cadre of 400 Climate Wise Women to promote climate resilience in vulnerable areas.”

He added that the eight newly certified agents are a major output of the FAO-Mu’tah agreement, which included developing a training manual and providing technical training to prepare the graduates for their role in scaling climate-smart practices.

Representing the university, Vice President for Scientific Colleges Affairs Ameen Aqel affirmed the university's commitment to community development. “The trained women will act as a core group to raise awareness and train 400 women,100 in each of the four targeted governorates, on climate adaptation strategies, particularly in agriculture and water resource management,” he said.

He also said, "The challenges posed by climate change require a strong national response, including the adoption of sustainable environmental policies, improving water resource management, and raising public awareness about the importance of climate adaptation." 

He pointed out that climate change has significant negative effects on the Kingdom due to its geographical location and the environmental conditions it faces, particularly water scarcity.

Director of the Prince Faisal Centre for Dead Sea, Energy, and Environmental Research Amjad Tarawneh also attended the ceremony.

The BRCCJ Project, with a fund at $33.25 million, targets four governorates in the Dead Sea Basin—Karak, Madaba, Tafileh, and Ma’an, which are particularly vulnerable to climate change and water scarcity resulting from shifting climate conditions.

The residents of these areas mainly rely on rain-fed agriculture, face high poverty rates, and lack adequate knowledge and resources to cope with climate change, the statement said.

Women,  as key agents of change in climate adaptation, are playing a central role in this project, aiming to improve women's accessibility to resources and information which will enable them to become more adaptive to climate change and safeguard their livelihoods.

Austrian embassy celebrates success of ‘Listen to Me’ series

By - Apr 16,2025 - Last updated at Apr 16,2025

The Austrian Embassy in Amman hosts a reception at the Austrian Residence to celebrate the success of the series Listen to Me, produced by Shezomedia and supported by the Austrian “South-North” Fund 2024 (Photo by Ahmad Khlifat)

AMMAN — The Austrian Embassy in Amman hosted a reception at the Austrian Residence to celebrate the success of the series Listen to Me, produced by Shezomedia and supported by the Austrian “South-North” Fund 2024.

The project, which received funding from the Austrian Foreign Ministry, features five "powerful" episodes that were released online throughout Women’s Month in March, beginning on Saturday, March 8, International Women’s Day. 

Listen to Me provides a platform for women’s voices, highlighting the realities of gender-based violence, social stigma, and the everyday struggles of women, particularly in Jordan’s rural communities, according to an embassy statement. 

By amplifying voices that are often unheard, the series aims to raise awareness of systemic challenges facing women and promote gender equality through storytelling.

Each episode shares real-life experiences of discrimination and violence, told with honesty and resilience. These human stories transcend geographic and cultural boundaries, reinforcing the urgent need for dialogue, understanding, and change.

In her opening remarks, Austrian Ambassador Marieke Zimburg praised the production team for their impactful work, saying, “There is no easy recipe,  but a first, courageous, and immensely important step is raising awareness. This may not change things immediately, but it lays the foundation for transformation. Without awareness, we tend to accept things as they are, without questioning, thereby perpetuating injustice.”

The South-North Fund supports cultural initiatives that promote cooperation, shared learning, and mutual understanding between Austria and the Global South. Listen to Me stands as a compelling example of how creative media can drive social change and humanise critical issues, the statement said.

The embassy reaffirmed its commitment to supporting initiatives that foster inclusivity, dialogue, and gender equality in Jordan and beyond.

 

SSC charges suspects in alleged plots targeting national security with terrorism, manufacturing explosives

By - Apr 16,2025 - Last updated at Apr 16,2025

File picture shows officers standing guard outside State Security Court in Amman (JT file)

AMMAN — The State Security Court (SSC) prosecutor on Wednesday leveled charges including terrorism and manufacturing explosive substances against 12 suspects involved in alleged plots targeting Jordan’s national security.
 
The 12 suspects are part of 16 men whom the General Intelligence Department (GID) alleged planned to cause chaos and sabotage acts in Jordan.
 
SSC’s Attorney General Ahmad Talat Shahaltouq announced that his office completed all legal procedures related to the 12 suspects and referred their cases to the SSC, the Jordan News Agency, Petra, reported.
 
The GID announced in a statement on Tuesday that the 16 men were arrested following close intelligence monitoring since 2021.
 
Their alleged plans included manufacturing short-range rockets using local tools as well as tools imported for illegal purposes, possession of explosives and firearms, concealing a rocket ready to be deployed, planning to manufacture drones and recruiting and training operatives in Jordan as well as training them abroad, the GID said.
 
According to the indictment sheet, the SSC’s prosecutor charged defendants Muath Ghanem, and Abdullah Hisham with manufacturing weapons (missiles) with illicit intent.
 
A third defendant, Mohsen Ghanem, was charged with complicity in manufacturing weapons (missiles) with illicit intent.
 
Hisham, Muath and Mohsen Ghanem were also charged with committing acts that disturb public order and endanger the safety and security of society.
In a separate case involving the drone manufacturing project, defendants Ali Qassem, Abdulaziz Haroun, Abdullah Haddar, and Ahmad Khalifah were charged with carrying out acts that disturbed public order and acts that endanger the safety and security of society.
 
In two recruitment cases, the prosecutor charged defendants Khader Abdulaziz, Ayman Ajjawi, Mohammad Saleh, Marwan Hawamdeh, and Anas Abu Awad with committing acts that disturb public order and acts that endanger the safety and security of society.
 
Meanwhile, four suspects are currently being tried at the SSC in connection with the alleged transport and storage of explosives and automatic weapons smuggled from abroad, including the concealment of a missile in an Amman suburb, according to the SSC prosecution office.
 
During a press conference on Tuesday, Government Communications Minister and official spokesperson Mohammad Momani told reporters that the 16 suspects were allegedly involved in four “coordinated plots” that the GID has foiled after years of surveillance and investigation.
 
The alleged plots, according to Momani, were aimed at threatening national security, using short-range missiles, explosives, drones and automatic weapons.
 
The minister added that the suspects allegedly recruited operatives from abroad for militant activities.
 
"These cases were serious and deliberate attempts to harm Jordan's national security," Momani said.
 
"Under no circumstances will Jordan tolerate any attempt to undermine its national security," Momani stressed.
 
Some of the suspects appeared on national television where they reportedly confessed to their alleged roles in manufacturing missiles, drones and recruiting others to join them.

Prime minster meets with senior US officials in Washington DC over bilateral relations, economic cooperation, regional developments

By - Apr 16,2025 - Last updated at Apr 16,2025

Prime Minister Jafar Hassan meets with Secretary of State Marco Rubio and other senior US officials in Washington DC on Tuesday that focused on bilateral relations and regional developments (Petra photo)

AMMAN — Prime Minister Jafar Hassan held separate meetings with senior US officials in Washington DC on Tuesday that focused on bilateral relations and ways to enhance them, the Jordan News Agency, Petra, reported.

Hassan met with Secretary of State Marco Rubio and National Security Advisor Mike Waltz, with conversations focusing on enhancing economic and investment cooperation, Petra reported.

Rubio and Waltz both conveyed their strong appreciation for the leadership of His Majesty King Abdullah and his consistent efforts to promote security and peace in the Middle East.

The meeting also went over regional developments with a focus on ongoing diplomatic efforts to end the war in Gaza. Hassan reiterated Jordan’s “unwavering stance, under King Abdullah’s directives, that calls for an immediate ceasefire in Gaza, the unaltered delivery of humanitarian aid into the Strip, and de-escalation in the West Bank.”

In separate meetings with Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent and Commerce Secretary Howard Lutnick, with US Trade Representative Ambassador Jamieson Greer also present, the prime minister discussed ways to boost cooperation in trade, investment, technology, energy, the pharmaceutical industry, water management, and support for significant developmentalprojects, according to Petra. 

During the meeting, the prime minister outlined Kingdom's strategic goals under its Economic Modernisation Vision, specifically those related to boosting investment in major infrastructure projects such as the National Water Carrier.

The prime minster also held talks with White House Office of Management and Budget Director Russell Vought that focusedon the US assistance in supporting Jordan’s development agenda and helping to mitigate the challenges resulting from hosting refugees, according to Petra. 

The prime minister affirmed that the partnership with the United States remains a cornerstone of Jordan’s foreign policy, a strategic alliance aimed at achieving shared objectives on both bilateral and international fronts.

The meetings were attended by Minister of Industry, Trade and Supply Yarub Qudah, Minister of Planning and International Cooperation Zeina Toukan, and Jordan’s Ambassador to the United States Dina Kawar.

Jordan TV airs taped confessions of suspects involved in high-profile security case

Suspects admit involvement in missile, drone manufacturing, recruitment, training of operatives for illegal activities

By - Apr 15,2025 - Last updated at Apr 16,2025

AMMAN — The Jordan TV on Tuesday night broadcast taped confessions of suspects involved in high-profile case the General Intelligence department (GID) unveiled on Tuesday. 

In the televised confessions, the suspects admitted to engaging in illegal activities that pose serious threat to national security, including the manufacturing of short-range missiles and drones as well as recruiting and training operatives and receiving funds from foreign sources.

The videos showed the eight key suspects, including three individuals at the centre of the missile manufacturing case, the key figure in the first recruitment case, two key suspects in a second recruitment operation, and two individuals involved in drone manufacturing case.

Rocket manufacturing case 

Abdullah Hisham Ahmad Abdel Rahman, born in 1989 and a civil engineering graduate of the Jordan University of Science and Technology, confessed to leading a covert operation to manufacture rocket components. He revealed that his association with the Muslim Brotherhood group began in 2002 through school and mosque activities.

According to his testimony, a Brotherhood figure identified as Ibrahim Moahmmed, currently on trial in the State Security Court, said he proposed the idea of manufacturing rockets in Jordan in 2021. Abdullah was tasked with overseeing the production of metal frames and recruited his relative, Muath Al Ghanem, to help.

The two travelled to Lebanon, where they met with someone overseeing the project. They underwent security screening and received technical training in manual machining. The workshops, hidden in the garage of a residential building, were equipped with lathes and run by experienced technicians.

Upon his return to Jordan, Abdullah began acquiring machinery and raw materials, including CNC (computer numerical control) machines, which he believed would improve precision. The equipment was imported with the help of his uncle, Mohsen Al Ghanem, who also facilitated the transfer of funds from abroad.

Abdullah established a warehouse in Zarqa and later purchased land in the Nuqayrah area to build a larger, more secure facility. He described efforts to camouflage the structure and enhance its security features, including doors made of concrete to blend in with the building's design.

Muath Ghanem, born in 1990 and also a civil engineer, confirmed his involvement. He recalled several trips to Lebanon and detailed their work in setting up workshops in Jordan, including the procurement of materials and technical equipment.

 

Mohsen Al Ghanem, born in 1972 and a construction materials dealer, admitted to delivering tens of thousands of dollars from abroad to Abdullah and helping to import the CNC machines. He acknowledged suspicions about the nature of the project, but continued to provide logistical support.

Recruitment cases

In the first recruitment case, Khader Abdulaziz confessed to illegally recruiting young people as part of the unlicensed Muslim Brotherhood. A longtime member since 1975, he is currently the head of the group's administrative office in Zarqa. He admitted to organising ideological and security training sessions.

In the second recruitment case, Marwan Hawamdeh, a senior Brotherhood member, confessed to recruiting Anas Abu Awad. After being introduced to foreign operatives during a trip abroad, Marwan invited Anas to join him, where they were tasked with recruiting Jordanians and coordinating secure communications via encrypted devices and Telegram.

Anas Abu Awad confirmed his role, describing how he was given encrypted tools, meeting points in Amman and Mecca, and training on "dead drop" locations, places where prohibited materials such as digital storage devices were to be hidden. He cited cemeteries in Shafa Badran and Umm Al Hiran as examples.

Drone development case

In the drone development case, suspects Ali Qassem and Abdulaziz Haroun admitted to initiating plans in late 2023 to build drones for undisclosed purposes. Along with co-conspirators Ahmad Khalifa and Abdullah Al Haddar, the group assigned roles based on technical expertise. Haroun, an aerospace engineer, was responsible for drone frames, while Khalifa handled electrical circuitry and programming.

Haroun said he researched drone materials and suggested reinforced cardboard, citing its previous use in the Ukraine conflict. The group tested glider models on private farmland and, after successful trials, considered building operational drones.

He also revealed intentions to obtain additional components through his father, who had contacts with arms dealers.

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